-- Based on [[Module:es-pronunc]] by Benwing2.
-- Adaptation by TagaSanPedroAko. Some code based on [[Module:ast-IPA]].
local export = {}
local m_IPA = require("Module:IPA")
local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("pam")
local u = mw.ustring.char
local rfind = mw.ustring.find
local rsubn = mw.ustring.gsub
local rsplit = mw.text.split
local ulower = mw.ustring.lower
local AC = u(0x0301) -- acute = ́
local GR = u(0x0300) -- grave = ̀
local CFLEX = u(0x0302) -- circumflex = ̂
local TILDE = u(0x0303) -- tilde = ̃
local DIA = u(0x0308) -- diaeresis = ̈
local CAR = u(0x030C) -- caron, placeholder for unstressed --
local vowel = "aeiouəɪʊ" -- vowel
local V = "[" .. vowel .. "]"
local W = "[jw]" -- glide
local accent = AC .. GR .. CFLEX .. CAR
local accent_c = "[" .. accent .. "]"
local stress_c = "[" .. AC .. GR .. "]"
local ipa_stress = "ˈˌ"
local ipa_stress_c = "[" .. ipa_stress .. "]"
local separator = accent .. ipa_stress .. "# ."
local separator_c = "[" .. separator .. "]"
local C = "[^" .. vowel .. separator .. "]" -- consonant
local unstressed_words = require("Module:table").listToSet({ --feel free to add more unstressed words
"ing", "ning", "king", "si", "ni", -- case markers
"de", "del", --particles in Spanish-derived surnames
"na"
})
-- version of rsubn() that discards all but the first return value
local function rsub(term, foo, bar)
local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar)
return retval
end
-- version of rsubn() that returns a 2nd argument boolean indicating whether
-- a substitution was made.
local function rsubb(term, foo, bar)
local retval, nsubs = rsubn(term, foo, bar)
return retval, nsubs > 0
end
-- apply rsub() repeatedly until no change
local function rsub_repeatedly(term, foo, bar)
while true do
local new_term = rsub(term, foo, bar)
if new_term == term then
return term
end
term = new_term
end
end
-- ĵ, ɟ and ć are used internally to represent [d͡ʒ], [j] and [t͡ʃ]
--
function export.IPA(text, phonetic)
local debug = {}
text = ulower(text or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text)
-- decompose everything but ñ and ü
text = mw.ustring.toNFD(text)
text = rsub(text, "." .. "[" .. TILDE .. DIA .. "]", {
["n" .. TILDE] = "ñ",
["u" .. TILDE] = "ü",
})
-- convert commas and en/en dashes to IPA foot boundaries
text = rsub(text, "%s*[,–—]%s*", " | ")
-- question mark or exclamation point in the middle of a sentence -> IPA foot boundary
text = rsub(text, "([^%s])%s*[!?]%s*([^%s])", "%1 | %2")
-- canonicalize multiple spaces and remove leading and trailing spaces
local function canon_spaces(text)
text = rsub(text, "%s+", " ")
text = rsub(text, "^ ", "")
text = rsub(text, " $", "")
return text
end
text = canon_spaces(text)
-- Make prefixes unstressed unless they have an explicit stress marker; also make certain
-- monosyllabic words (e.g. [[ing]], [[ning]], [[king]], [[si]], etc.) without stress marks be
-- unstressed.
local words = rsplit(text, " ")
for i, word in ipairs(words) do
if rfind(word, "%-$") and not rfind(word, accent_c) or unstressed_words[word] then
-- add CAR to the last vowel not the first one
-- adding the CAR after the 'u'
words[i] = rsub(word, "^(.*" .. V .. ")", "%1" .. CAR)
end
end
text = table.concat(words, " ")
-- Convert hyphens to spaces
text = rsub(text, "%-", " ")
-- canonicalize multiple spaces again, which may have been introduced by hyphens
text = canon_spaces(text)
-- now eliminate punctuation
text = rsub(text, "[!?']", "")
-- put # at word beginning and end and double ## at text/foot boundary beginning/end
text = rsub(text, " | ", "# | #")
text = "##" .. rsub(text, " ", "# #") .. "##"
table.insert(debug, text)
--determining whether "y" is a consonant or a vowel
text = rsub(text, "y(" .. V .. ")", "ɟ%1") -- not the real sound
text = rsub(text, "y#", "i")
text = rsub(text, "w(" .. V .. ")","w%1")
text = rsub(text, "w#","u")
-- handle certain combinations; ch ng and sh handling needs to go first
text = rsub(text, "ch", "ts") --not the real sound
text = rsub(text, "ng", "ŋ")
text = rsub(text, "ñg", "ŋ")
text = rsub(text, "sh", "ʃ")
--x
text = rsub(text, "x", "ks")
--c, g, q
text = rsub(text, "c([ie])", "s%1")
text = rsub(text, "gu(" .. V .. ")", "ɡw%1")
text = rsub(text, "qu([ieë])", "k%1")
text = rsub(text, "ü", "u")
-- double ll
text = rsub(text, "ll", "li")
-- double dd
text = rsub(text, "dd", "d")
-- double gg
text = rsub(text, "gg", "g")
table.insert(debug, text)
--alphabet-to-phoneme
text = rsub(text, "[acfgijñruvyz]",
--["g"]="ɡ": U+0067 LATIN SMALL LETTER G → U+0261 LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G
{ ["a"] = "ə", ["c"] = "k", ["f"] = "p", ["g"] = "ɡ", ["i"] = "ɪ", ["j"] = "ĵ", ["ñ"] = "nj", ["q"] = "k", ["r"] = "ɾ", ["u"] = "ʊ", ["v"] = "b", ["y"] = "j", ["z"] = "s" })
-- trill in rr
text = rsub(text, "ɾɾ", "r")
-- glottal stop
text = rsub(text, "(" .. V .. ")7" , "%1" .. CFLEX )
-- ts
text = rsub(text, "ts", "ć") --not the real sound
text = rsub(text, "n([# .]*[bpm])", "m%1")
table.insert(debug, text)
--syllable division
local vowel_to_glide = { ["i"] = "j", ["ɪ"] = "j", ["o"] = "w", ["u"] = "w", ["ʊ"] = "w" }
-- i, o and u between vowels -> j and w. Usually in words spelled in Bacolor and old Guagua orthography)
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. accent_c .. "*)([iɪouʊ])(" .. V .. ")",
function(v1, iou, v2)
return v1 .. vowel_to_glide[iou] .. v2
end
)
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. accent_c .. "*)(" .. C .. W .. "?" .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. accent_c .. "*" .. C .. ")(" .. C .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. accent_c .. "*" .. C .. "+)(" .. C .. C .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. C .. ")%.s(" .. C .. ")", "%1s.%2")
-- Any aeo, or stressed iu, should be syllabically divided from a following aeou or stressed iu.
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "([aeo]" .. accent_c .. "*)([aeo])", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "([aeo]" .. accent_c .. "*)(" .. V .. stress_c .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub(text, "([iɪuʊ]" .. stress_c .. ")([aeo])", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "([iu]" .. stress_c .. ")(" .. V .. stress_c .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "([iɪ])(" .. accent_c .. "*)([iɪ])", "%1%2.%3")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "([uʊ])(" .. accent_c .. "*)([uʊ])", "%1%2.%3")
table.insert(debug, text)
-- Only when the last vowel is really placed with an accent mark, commonly with words ending with /e/ or /o/ like balé
local force_elongate_final = false
local accent_to_stress_mark = { [AC] = "ˈ", [GR] = "", [CFLEX] = "", [CAR] = "" }
local function accent_word(word, syllables, last_word)
-- Now stress the word. If any accent exists in the word (including ^ indicating an unaccented word),
-- put the stress mark(s) at the beginning of the indicated syllable(s). Otherwise, apply the default
-- stress rule.
-- Updated circumflex rule for Batiauan and Samson orthography, unaccented word is now ˇ
local stress_syllable = 0
local last_accent = ""
if rfind(word, accent_c) then
for i = 1, #syllables do
syllables[i] = rsub(syllables[i], "^(.*)(" .. accent_c .. ")(.*)$",
function(pre, accent, post)
last_accent = accent
if last_accent == AC then
stress_syllable = i
end
return accent_to_stress_mark[accent] .. pre .. post
end
)
end
if last_accent == CFLEX then
if last_word then
syllables[#syllables] = rsub(syllables[#syllables], "(.*)(" .. V .. ")([#|$]+)", "%1%2ʔ%3")
end
if stress_syllable == 0 then
syllables[#syllables] = "ˈ" .. syllables[#syllables]
end
elseif last_accent == GR then
if last_word then
syllables[#syllables] = rsub(syllables[#syllables], "(.*)(" .. V .. ")([#|$]+)", "%1%2ʔ%3")
end
if stress_syllable ~= #syllables-1 then
syllables[#syllables-1] = "ˈ" .. syllables[#syllables-1]
end
elseif last_accent == AC and stress_syllable == #syllables then
force_elongate_final = true
end
else
-- Default stress rule. Words without vowels (e.g. IPA foot boundaries) don't get stress.
if #syllables > 1 and rfind(word, "[^ əeiouɪʊbcdfghjklmnñpqrstvwxzɡĉɟĵŋ#]#") or #syllables == 1 and rfind(word, "[əeiouɪʊ]") then
syllables[#syllables] = "ˈ" .. syllables[#syllables]
elseif #syllables > 1 then
-- Changed to ultimate stress as default instead of penultimate in Batiauan orthography
-- To have penultimate stress, have an acute accent to the penultimate syllable vowel
syllables[#syllables] = "ˈ" .. syllables[#syllables]
end
end
end
local words = rsplit(text, " ")
for j, word in ipairs(words) do
-- accentuation
local syllables = rsplit(word, "%.")
accent_word(word, syllables, j == #words)
-- Reconstruct the word.
words[j] = table.concat(syllables, ".")
-- suppress syllable mark before IPA stress indicator
words[j] = rsub(words[j], "%.(" .. ipa_stress_c .. ")", "%1")
--make all primary stresses but the last one be secondary
words[j] = rsub_repeatedly(words[j], "ˈ(.+)ˈ", "ˌ%1ˈ")
end
text = table.concat(words, " ")
table.insert(debug,text)
--diphthongs
text = rsub(text, "([iɪ])([əeiɪouʊ])", "j%2")
text = rsub(text, "([uʊ])([əeiɪo])", "w%2")
table.insert(debug, text)
-- stressed vowels
-- schwa in stressed syllable to /a/
text = rsub(text,"([ˈˌ])([#]*)([bĉćdfɡhĵɟklmnŋɲpɾrsʃtw]?)([jlnɾtwɟ]?)([ə])([bdfɡiɪklmnŋpɾstuʊ]?)([bdɡklmnpɾst]?)","%1%2%3%4a%6%7")
text = rsub(text,"([ˈˌ])([#]*)([bĉćdfɡhĵɟklmnŋɲpɾrsʃtw]?)([jlnɾtwɟ]?)([ɪ])([əabdfɡklmnŋpɾstuʊ]?)([bdɡklmnpɾst]?)","%1%2%3%4i%6%7")
text = rsub(text,"([ˈˌ])([#]*)([bĉćdfɡhĵɟklmnŋɲpɾrsʃtw]?)([jlnɾtwɟ]?)([ʊ])([əabdfɡiɪklmnŋpɾst]?)([bdɡklmnpɾst]?)","%1%2%3%4u%6%7")
table.insert(debug, text)
--phonemic diphthongs
text = rsub(text,"([aeouʊ])([iɪ])","%1j")
text = rsub(text,"([aeiɪo])([ʊu])","%1w")
text = rsub(text,"([ə])([iɪ])","aj")
text = rsub(text,"([ə])([uʊ])","aw")
table.insert(debug, text)
text = rsub(text,"n([ˈˌ.]?)ɡ","ŋ%1ɡ") -- /n/ before /ɡ/ (some proper nouns and loanwords)
--Final syllables of /i/ and /u/ cannot be /ɪ/ or /ʊ/
text = rsub(text,"([ˈˌ.])([bdɡhklmnŋprɾsʃtwjɟćĵ]?)([jlɾtw]?)([iɪ])([bdfɡiklmnŋpɾstʔ]?)([bdɡklmnpɾst]?)([#])","%1%2%3i%5%6")
text = rsub(text,"([ˈˌ.])([bdɡhklmnŋprɾsʃtwjɟćĵ]?)([jlɾtw]?)([uʊ])([bdfɡiklmnŋpɾstʔ]?)([#])","%1%2%3u%5%6")
--phonetic transcription
if phonetic then
--phonemic diphthongs
text = rsub(text, "([aeouʊ])j", "%1ɪ̯")
text = rsub(text, "([aeiɪo])w", "%1ʊ̯")
table.insert(debug, text)
text = rsub(text,"([aəeiɪouʊ])([#]?)([ ]?)([ˈˌ#.])([k])([aəeiou])","%1%2%3%4x%6") -- /k/ between vowels
text = rsub(text,"d([ˈˌ]?)j","%1d͡ʒ") --/d/ before /j/
text = rsub(text,"n([ˈˌ.]?)k","ŋ%1k") -- /n/ before /k/ (some proper nouns)
text = rsub(text,"n([ˈˌ]?)h","ŋ%1h") -- /n/ before /h/ (some proper nouns)
text = rsub(text,"n([ˈˌ]?)m","m%1m") -- /n/ before /m/
text = rsub(text,"s([ˈˌ]?)j","%1ʃ") -- /s/ before /j/
text = rsub(text,"t([ˈˌ]?)j","%1ć") -- /t/ before /j/
text = rsub(text,"([ˈˌ]?)d([j])([aɪʊ])","%1 ĵ%3") -- /dj/ before any vowel following stress
text = rsub(text,"([ˈˌ]?)s([j])([aɪʊ])","%1ʃ%3") -- /sj/ before any vowel following stress
text = rsub(text,"([ˈˌ]?)t([j])([aɪʊ])","%1ć%3") -- /tj/ before any vowel following stress
text = rsub(text,"([oʊ])([m])([ˈ]?)([pb])","u%2%3%4") -- /o/ and /ʊ/ before /mb/ or /mp/
table.insert(debug, text)
--Change /i/ and /u/ from /ɪ~ʊ/ depending on environment
text = rsub(text,"([ˈˌ.])([bdɡhklmnŋprɾsʃtwjɟćĵ]?)([jlɾtw]?)([iɪ])([bdfɡiklmnŋpɾstʔ]?)([bdɡklmnpɾst]?)([#])","%1%2%3e%5%6")
text = rsub(text,"([ˈˌ.])([bdɡhklmnŋprɾsʃtwjɟćĵ]?)([jlɾtw]?)([uʊ])([bdfɡiklmnŋpɾstʔ]?)([#])","%1%2%3o%5%6")
--The /a/ is a mid long vowel
text = rsub(text, "a", "ä")
--The /e/ is an /ɛ/
text = rsub(text, "e", "ɛ")
-- h | There is no /h/ in Kapampangan, no /h/ in Spanish either, /h/ in Tagalog disappears like hangin, angin
text = rsub(text, "h", "")
-- Elongate stresses
text = rsub_repeatedly(text,"([ˈˌ])([#]*)([bĉćdfɡhĵɟklmnŋɲpɾrsʃtwx]?)([jlnɾtwɟ]?)([äɛiɪouʊ])([^" .. (force_elongate_final and '' or '#') .. "ː])","%1%2%3%4%5ː%6")
end
table.insert(debug, text)
-- convert fake symbols to real ones
local final_conversions = {
["ć"] = "t͡ʃ", -- fake "ch" to real "ch"
["ɟ"] = "j", -- fake "y" to real "y"
["ĵ"] = "d͡ʒ" -- fake "j" to real "j"
}
local final_conversions_phonetic = {
["ć"] = "t͡ʃ", -- fake "ch" to real "ch"
["ɟ"] = "j", -- fake "y" to real "y"
["ĵ"] = "d͡ʒ" -- fake "j" to real "j"
}
if phonetic then
text = rsub(text, "[ćɟĵ]", final_conversions_phonetic)
end
text = rsub(text, "[ćɟĵ]", final_conversions)
if not phonetic then
text = rsub(text, "[.]", "")
end
-- remove # symbols at word and text boundaries
text = rsub(text, "#", "")
return mw.ustring.toNFC(text)
end
function export.show(frame)
local params = {
[1] = {},
["pre"] = {},
}
local parargs = frame:getParent().args
local args = require("Module:parameters").process(parargs, params)
local results = {}
local text = args[1] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text
table.insert(results, { pron = "/" .. export.IPA(text, false) .. "/" })
table.insert(results, { pron = "[" .. export.IPA(text, true) .. "]" })
local pre = args.pre and args.pre .. " " or ""
return "* " .. pre .. m_IPA.format_IPA_full(lang, results)
end
return export
