模組:String utilities
Provides some utility functions for manipulating strings.
Functions
format
string_utilities.format( str, tbl )
This function, unlike string.format and mw.ustring.format, takes just two parameters—a format string and a table—and replaces all instances of {param_name} in the format string with the table's entry for param_name. The opening and closing brace characters can be escaped with {\op} and {\cl}, respectively. A table entry beginning with a slash can be escaped by doubling the initial slash.
Examples
string_utilities.format("{foo} fish, {bar} fish, {baz} fish, {quux} fish", {["foo"]="one", ["bar"]="two", ["baz"]="red", ["quux"]="blue"})- produces:
"one fish, two fish, red fish, blue fish"
- produces:
string_utilities.format("The set {\\op}1, 2, 3{\\cl} contains {\\\\hello} elements.", {["\\hello"]="three"})<tt>- produces:
"The set {1, 2, 3} contains three elements."- Note that the single and double backslashes should be entered as double and quadruple backslashes when quoted in a literal string.
- produces:
local export = {}
local function_module = "Module:fun"
local load_module = "Module:load"
local memoize_module = "Module:memoize"
local mw = mw
local string = string
local table = table
local ustring = mw.ustring
local byte = string.byte
local char = string.char
local concat = table.concat
local find = string.find
local format = string.format
local gmatch = string.gmatch
local gsub = string.gsub
local len = string.len
local lower = string.lower
local match = string.match
local next = next
local require = require
local reverse = string.reverse
local select = select
local sort = table.sort
local sub = string.sub
local tonumber = tonumber
local tostring = tostring
local type = type
local ucodepoint = ustring.codepoint
local ufind = ustring.find
local ugcodepoint = ustring.gcodepoint
local ugmatch = ustring.gmatch
local ugsub = ustring.gsub
local ulower = ustring.lower
local umatch = ustring.match
local unpack = unpack
local upper = string.upper
local usub = ustring.sub
local uupper = ustring.upper
local memoize = require(memoize_module)
-- Defined below.
local charset_escape
local codepoint
local explode_utf8
local format_fun
local get_charset
local get_indefinite_article
local gsplit
local pattern_escape
local pattern_simplifier
local php_trim
local replacement_escape
local u
local ulen
--[==[
Loaders for functions in other modules, which overwrite themselves with the target function when called. This ensures modules are only loaded when needed, retains the speed/convenience of locally-declared pre-loaded functions, and has no overhead after the first call, since the target functions are called directly in any subsequent calls.]==]
local function is_callable(...)
is_callable = require(function_module).is_callable
return is_callable(...)
end
local function load_data(...)
load_data = require(load_module).load_data
return load_data(...)
end
local function prepare_iter(str, pattern, str_lib, plain)
local callable = is_callable(pattern)
if str_lib or plain then
return pattern, #str, string, callable
elseif not callable then
local simple = pattern_simplifier(pattern)
if simple then
return simple, #str, string, false
end
end
return pattern, ulen(str), ustring, callable
end
--[==[Explodes a string into an array of UTF-8 characters. '''Warning''': this function has no safety checks for non-UTF-8 byte sequences, to optimize speed and memory use. Inputs containing them therefore result in undefined behaviour.]==]
function export.explode_utf8(str)
local text, i = {}, 0
for ch in gmatch(str, ".[\128-\191]*") do
i = i + 1
text[i] = ch
end
return text
end
explode_utf8 = export.explode_utf8
do
local charset_chars = {
["\0"] = "%z", ["%"] = "%%", ["-"] = "%-", ["]"] = "%]", ["^"] = "%^"
}
charset_chars.__index = charset_chars
local chars = setmetatable({
["$"] = "%$", ["("] = "%(", [")"] = "%)", ["*"] = "%*", ["+"] = "%+",
["."] = "%.", ["?"] = "%?", ["["] = "%["
}, charset_chars)
--[==[Escapes the magic characters used in a [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Patterns|pattern]] (Lua's version of regular expressions): <code>$%()*+-.?[]^</code>, and converts the null character to <code>%z</code>. For example, {{lua|"^$()%.[]*+-?\0"}} becomes {{lua|"%^%$%(%)%%%.%[%]%*%+%-%?%z"}}. This is necessary when constructing a pattern involving arbitrary text (e.g. from user input).]==]
function export.pattern_escape(str)
return (gsub(str, "[%z$%%()*+%-.?[%]^]", chars))
end
pattern_escape = export.pattern_escape
--[==[Escapes the magic characters used in [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Patterns|pattern]] character sets: <code>%-]^</code>, and converts the null character to <code>%z</code>.]==]
function export.charset_escape(str)
return (gsub(str, "[%z%%%-%]^]", charset_chars))
end
charset_escape = export.charset_escape
--[==[Escapes only <code>%</code>, which is the only magic character used in replacement [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Patterns|patterns]] with string.gsub and mw.ustring.gsub.]==]
function export.replacement_escape(str)
return (gsub(str, "%%", "%%%%"))
end
replacement_escape = export.replacement_escape
local function case_insensitive_char(ch)
local upper_ch = uupper(ch)
if upper_ch == ch then
ch = ulower(ch)
if ch == upper_ch then
return chars[ch] or ch
end
end
return "[" .. (charset_chars[upper_ch] or upper_ch) .. (charset_chars[ch] or ch) .. "]"
end
local function iterate(str, str_len, text, n, start, _gsub, _sub, loc1, loc2)
if not (loc1 and start <= str_len) then
-- Add final chunk and return.
n = n + 1
text[n] = _gsub(_sub(str, start), ".", chars)
return
elseif loc2 < loc1 then
if _sub == sub then
local b = byte(str, loc1)
if b and b >= 128 then
loc1 = loc1 + (b < 224 and 1 or b < 240 and 2 or 3)
end
end
n = n + 1
text[n] = _gsub(_sub(str, start, loc1), ".", chars)
start = loc1 + 1
if start > str_len then
return
end
else
-- Add chunk up to the current match.
n = n + 1
text[n] = _gsub(_sub(str, start, loc1 - 1), ".", chars)
-- Add current match.
n = n + 1
text[n] = _gsub(_sub(str, loc1, loc2), ".", case_insensitive_char)
start = loc2 + 1
end
return n, start
end
--[==[
Escapes the magic characters used in a [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Patterns|pattern]], and makes all characters case-insensitive. An optional pattern or find function (see {split}) may be supplied as the second argument, the third argument (`str_lib`) forces use of the string library, while the fourth argument (`plain`) turns any pattern matching facilities off in the optional pattern supplied.]==]
function export.case_insensitive_pattern(str, pattern_or_func, str_lib, plain)
if pattern_or_func == nil then
return (gsub(str, str_lib and "[^\128-\255]" or ".[\128-\191]*", case_insensitive_char))
end
local text, n, start, str_len, _string, callable = {}, 0, 1
pattern_or_func, str_len, _string, callable = prepare_iter(str, pattern_or_func, str_lib, plain)
local _find, _gsub, _sub = _string.find, _string.gsub, _string.sub
if callable then
repeat
n, start = iterate(str, str_len, text, n, start, _gsub, _sub, pattern_or_func(str, start))
until not start
-- Special case if the pattern is anchored to the start: "^" always
-- anchors to the start position, not the start of the string, so get
-- around this by only attempting one match with the pattern, then match
-- the end of the string.
elseif byte(pattern_or_func) == 0x5E then -- ^
n, start = iterate(str, str_len, text, n, start, _gsub, _sub, _find(str, pattern_or_func, start, plain))
if start ~= nil then
iterate(str, str_len, text, n, start, _gsub, _sub, _find(str, "$", start, plain))
end
else
repeat
n, start = iterate(str, str_len, text, n, start, _gsub, _sub, _find(str, pattern_or_func, start, plain))
until not start
end
return concat(text)
end
end
do
local character_classes
local function get_character_classes()
character_classes, get_character_classes = {
[0x41] = true, [0x61] = true, -- Aa
[0x43] = true, [0x63] = true, -- Cc
[0x44] = true, [0x64] = true, -- Dd
[0x4C] = true, [0x6C] = true, -- Ll
[0x50] = true, [0x70] = true, -- Pp
[0x53] = true, [0x73] = true, -- Ss
[0x55] = true, [0x75] = true, -- Uu
[0x57] = true, [0x77] = true, -- Ww
[0x58] = true, [0x78] = true, -- Xx
[0x5A] = true, -- z dealt with separately.
}, nil
return character_classes
end
local function check_sets_equal(set1, set2)
local k2
for k1, v1 in next, set1 do
local v2 = set2[k1]
if v1 ~= v2 and (v2 == nil or not check_sets_equal(v1, v2)) then
return false
end
k2 = next(set2, k2)
end
return next(set2, k2) == nil
end
local function check_sets(bytes)
local key, set1, set = next(bytes)
if set1 == true then
return true
elseif not check_sets(set1) then
return false
end
while true do
key, set = next(bytes, key)
if not key then
return true
elseif not check_sets_equal(set, set1) then
return false
end
end
end
local function make_charset(range)
if #range == 1 then
return char(range[1])
end
sort(range)
local compressed, n, start = {}, 0, range[1]
for i = 1, #range do
local this, nxt = range[i], range[i + 1]
if nxt ~= this + 1 then
n = n + 1
compressed[n] = this == start and char(this) or
char(start) .. "-" .. char(this)
start = nxt
end
end
return "[" .. concat(compressed) .. "]"
end
local function parse_1_byte_charset(pattern, pos)
local ch
while true do
pos, ch = match(pattern, "()([%%%]\192-\255])", pos)
if ch == "%" then
local nxt = byte(pattern, pos + 1)
if not nxt or nxt >= 128 or (character_classes or get_character_classes())[nxt] then -- acdlpsuwxACDLPSUWXZ, but not z
return false
end
pos = pos + 2
elseif ch == "]" then
pos = pos + 1
return pos
else
return false
end
end
end
--[==[Parses `pattern`, a ustring library pattern, and attempts to convert it into a string library pattern. If conversion isn't possible, returns false.]==]
function pattern_simplifier(pattern)
if type(pattern) == "number" then
return tostring(pattern)
end
local pos, capture_groups, start, n, output, ch, nxt_pos = 1, 0, 1, 0
while true do
-- FIXME: use "()([%%(.[\128-\255])[\128-\191]?[\128-\191]?[\128-\191]?()" and ensure non-UTF8 always fails.
pos, ch, nxt_pos = match(pattern, "()([%%(.[\192-\255])[\128-\191]*()", pos)
if not ch then
break
end
local nxt = byte(pattern, nxt_pos)
if ch == "%" then
if nxt == 0x62 then -- b
local nxt2, nxt3 = byte(pattern, pos + 2, pos + 3)
if not (nxt2 and nxt2 < 128 and nxt3 and nxt3 < 128) then
return false
end
pos = pos + 4
elseif nxt == 0x66 then -- f
nxt_pos = nxt_pos + 2
local nxt2, nxt3 = byte(pattern, nxt_pos - 1, nxt_pos)
-- Only possible to convert a positive %f charset which is
-- all ASCII, so use parse_1_byte_charset.
if not (nxt2 == 0x5B and nxt3 and nxt3 ~= 0x5E and nxt3 < 128) then -- [^
return false
elseif nxt3 == 0x5D then -- Initial ] is non-magic.
nxt_pos = nxt_pos + 1
end
pos = parse_1_byte_charset(pattern, nxt_pos)
if not pos then
return false
end
elseif nxt == 0x5A then -- Z
nxt = byte(pattern, nxt_pos + 1)
if nxt == 0x2A or nxt == 0x2D then -- *-
pos = pos + 3
else
if output == nil then
output = {}
end
local ins = sub(pattern, start, pos - 1) .. "[\1-\127\192-\255]"
n = n + 1
if nxt == 0x2B then -- +
output[n] = ins .. "%Z*"
pos = pos + 3
elseif nxt == 0x3F then -- ?
output[n] = ins .. "?[\128-\191]*"
pos = pos + 3
else
output[n] = ins .. "[\128-\191]*"
pos = pos + 2
end
start = pos
end
elseif not nxt or (character_classes or get_character_classes())[nxt] then -- acdlpsuwxACDLPSUWX, but not Zz
return false
-- Skip the next character if it's ASCII. Otherwise, we will
-- still need to do length checks.
else
pos = pos + (nxt < 128 and 2 or 1)
end
elseif ch == "(" then
if nxt == 0x29 or capture_groups == 32 then -- )
return false
end
capture_groups = capture_groups + 1
pos = pos + 1
elseif ch == "." then
if nxt == 0x2A or nxt == 0x2D then -- *-
pos = pos + 2
else
if output == nil then
output = {}
end
local ins = sub(pattern, start, pos - 1) .. "[^\128-\191]"
n = n + 1
if nxt == 0x2B then -- +
output[n] = ins .. ".*"
pos = pos + 2
elseif nxt == 0x3F then -- ?
output[n] = ins .. "?[\128-\191]*"
pos = pos + 2
else
output[n] = ins .. "[\128-\191]*"
pos = pos + 1
end
start = pos
end
elseif ch == "[" then
-- Fail negative charsets. TODO: 1-byte charsets should be safe.
if nxt == 0x5E then -- ^
return false
-- If the first character is "%", ch_len is determined by the
-- next one instead.
elseif nxt == 0x25 then -- %
nxt = byte(pattern, nxt_pos + 1)
elseif nxt == 0x5D then -- Initial ] is non-magic.
nxt_pos = nxt_pos + 1
end
if not nxt then
return false
end
local ch_len = nxt < 128 and 1 or nxt < 224 and 2 or nxt < 240 and 3 or 4
if ch_len == 1 then -- Single-byte charset.
pos = parse_1_byte_charset(pattern, nxt_pos)
if not pos then
return false
end
else -- Multibyte charset.
-- TODO: 1-byte chars should be safe to mix with multibyte chars. CONFIRM THIS FIRST.
local charset_pos, bytes = pos
pos = pos + 1
while true do -- TODO: non-ASCII charset ranges.
pos, ch, nxt_pos = match(pattern, "^()([^\128-\191])[\128-\191]*()", pos)
-- If escaped, get the next character. No need to
-- distinguish magic characters or character classes,
-- as they'll all fail for having the wrong length
-- anyway.
if ch == "%" then
pos, ch, nxt_pos = match(pattern, "^()([^\128-\191])[\128-\191]*()", nxt_pos)
elseif ch == "]" then
pos = nxt_pos
break
end
if not (ch and nxt_pos - pos == ch_len) then
return false
elseif bytes == nil then
bytes = {}
end
local bytes, last = bytes, nxt_pos - 1
for i = pos, last - 1 do
local b = byte(pattern, i)
local bytes_b = bytes[b]
if bytes_b == nil then
bytes_b = {}
bytes[b] = bytes_b
end
bytes[b], bytes = bytes_b, bytes_b
end
bytes[byte(pattern, last)] = true
pos = nxt_pos
end
if not pos then
return false
end
nxt = byte(pattern, pos)
if (
(nxt == 0x2A or nxt == 0x2D or nxt == 0x3F) or -- *-?
(nxt == 0x2B and ch_len > 2) or -- +
not check_sets(bytes)
) then
return false
end
local ranges, b, key, next_byte = {}, 0
repeat
key, next_byte = next(bytes)
local range, n = {key}, 1
-- Loop starts on the second iteration.
for key in next, bytes, key do
n = n + 1
range[n] = key
end
b = b + 1
ranges[b] = range
bytes = next_byte
until next_byte == true
if nxt == 0x2B then -- +
local range1, range2 = ranges[1], ranges[2]
ranges[1], ranges[3] = make_charset(range1), make_charset(range2)
local n = #range2
for i = 1, #range1 do
n = n + 1
range2[n] = range1[i]
end
ranges[2] = make_charset(range2) .. "*"
pos = pos + 1
else
for i = 1, #ranges do
ranges[i] = make_charset(ranges[i])
end
end
if output == nil then
output = {}
end
nxt = byte(pattern, pos)
n = n + 1
output[n] = sub(pattern, start, charset_pos - 1) .. concat(ranges) ..
((nxt == 0x2A or nxt == 0x2B or nxt == 0x2D or nxt == 0x3F) and "%" or "") -- following *+-? now have to be escaped
start = pos
end
elseif not nxt then
break
elseif nxt == 0x2B then -- +
if nxt_pos - pos ~= 2 then
return false
elseif output == nil then
output = {}
end
pos, nxt_pos = pos + 1, nxt_pos + 1
nxt = byte(pattern, nxt_pos)
local ch2 = sub(pattern, pos, pos)
n = n + 1
output[n] = sub(pattern, start, pos - 1) .. "[" .. ch .. ch2 .. "]*" .. ch2 ..
((nxt == 0x2A or nxt == 0x2B or nxt == 0x2D or nxt == 0x3F) and "%" or "") -- following *+-? now have to be escaped
pos, start = nxt_pos, nxt_pos
elseif nxt == 0x2A or nxt == 0x2D or nxt == 0x3F then -- *-?
return false
else
pos = nxt_pos
end
end
if start == 1 then
return pattern
end
return concat(output) .. sub(pattern, start)
end
pattern_simplifier = memoize(pattern_simplifier, true)
export.pattern_simplifier = pattern_simplifier
end
--[==[Parses `charset`, the interior of a string or ustring library character set, and normalizes it into a string or ustring library pattern (e.g. {{lua|"abcd-g"}} becomes {{lua|"[abcd-g]"}}, and {{lua|"[]"}} becomes {{lua|"[[%]]"}}).
The negative (`^`), range (`-`) and literal (`%`) magic characters work as normal, and character classes may be used (e.g. `%d` and `%w`), but opening and closing square brackets are sanitized so that they behave like ordinary characters.]==]
function get_charset(charset)
if type(charset) == "number" then
return tostring(charset)
end
local pos, start, n, output = 1, 1, 0
if byte(charset) == 0x5E then -- ^
pos = pos + 1
end
-- FIXME: "]" is non-magic if it's the first character in a charset.
local nxt_pos, nxt
while true do
local new_pos, ch = match(charset, "()([%%%-%]])", pos)
if not ch then
break
-- Skip percent escapes. Ranges can't start with them, either.
elseif ch == "%" then
pos = new_pos + 2
else
-- If `ch` is a hyphen, get the character before iff it's at or ahead of `pos`.
if ch == "-" and new_pos > pos then
pos, nxt_pos, nxt = new_pos - 1, new_pos, ch
ch = sub(charset, pos, pos)
else
pos, nxt_pos = new_pos, new_pos + 1
nxt = sub(charset, nxt_pos, nxt_pos)
end
-- Range.
if nxt == "-" then
if output == nil then
output = {}
end
n = n + 1
output[n] = sub(charset, start, pos - 1)
nxt_pos = nxt_pos + 1
nxt = sub(charset, nxt_pos, nxt_pos)
-- Ranges fail if they end with a percent escape, so escape the hyphen to avoid undefined behaviour.
if nxt == "" or nxt == "%" then
n = n + 1
output[n] = (ch == "]" and "%]" or ch) .. "%-"
start = nxt_pos
nxt_pos = nxt_pos + 2
-- Since ranges can't contain "%]", since it's escaped, range inputs like "]-z" or "a-]" must be adjusted to the character before or after, plus "%]" (e.g. "%]^-z" or "a-\\%]"). The escaped "%]" is omitted if the range would be empty (i.e. if the first byte is greater than the second).
else
n = n + 1
output[n] = (ch == "]" and (byte(nxt) >= 0x5D and "%]^" or "^") or ch) .. "-" ..
(nxt == "]" and (byte(ch) <= 0x5D and "\\%]" or "\\") or nxt)
nxt_pos = nxt_pos + 1
start = nxt_pos
end
elseif ch == "-" or ch == "]" then
if output == nil then
output = {}
end
n = n + 1
output[n] = sub(charset, start, pos - 1) .. "%" .. ch
start = nxt_pos
end
pos = nxt_pos
end
end
if start == 1 then
return "[" .. charset .. "]"
end
return "[" .. concat(output) .. sub(charset, start) .. "]"
end
get_charset = memoize(get_charset, true)
export.get_charset = get_charset
function export.len(str)
return type(str) == "number" and len(str) or
#str - #gsub(str, "[^\128-\191]+", "")
end
ulen = export.len
function export.sub(str, i, j)
str, i = type(str) == "number" and tostring(str) or str, i or 1
if i < 0 or j and j < 0 then
return usub(str, i, j)
elseif j and i > j or i > #str then
return ""
end
local n, new_i = 0
for loc1, loc2 in gmatch(str, "()[^\128-\191]+()[\128-\191]*") do
n = n + loc2 - loc1
if not new_i and n >= i then
new_i = loc2 - (n - i) - 1
if not j then
return sub(str, new_i)
end
end
if j and n > j then
return sub(str, new_i, loc2 - (n - j) - 1)
end
end
return new_i and sub(str, new_i) or ""
end
do
local function _find(str, loc1, loc2, ...)
if loc1 and not match(str, "^()[^\128-\255]*$") then
-- Use raw values of loc1 and loc2 to get loc1 and the length of the match.
loc1, loc2 = ulen(sub(str, 1, loc1)), ulen(sub(str, loc1, loc2))
-- Offset length with loc1 to get loc2.
loc2 = loc1 + loc2 - 1
end
return loc1, loc2, ...
end
--[==[A version of find which uses string.find when possible, but otherwise uses mw.ustring.find.]==]
function export.find(str, pattern, init, plain)
init = init or 1
if init ~= 1 and not match(str, "^()[^\128-\255]*$") then
return ufind(str, pattern, init, plain)
elseif plain then
return _find(str, find(str, pattern, init, true))
end
local simple = pattern_simplifier(pattern)
if simple then
return _find(str, find(str, simple, init))
end
return ufind(str, pattern, init)
end
end
--[==[A version of match which uses string.match when possible, but otherwise uses mw.ustring.match.]==]
function export.match(str, pattern, init)
init = init or 1
if init ~= 1 and not match(str, "^()[^\128-\255]*$") then
return umatch(str, pattern, init)
end
local simple = pattern_simplifier(pattern)
if simple then
return match(str, simple, init)
end
return umatch(str, pattern, init)
end
--[==[A version of gmatch which uses string.gmatch when possible, but otherwise uses mw.ustring.gmatch.]==]
function export.gmatch(str, pattern)
local simple = pattern_simplifier(pattern)
if simple then
return gmatch(str, simple)
end
return ugmatch(str, pattern)
end
--[==[A version of gsub which uses string.gsub when possible, but otherwise uses mw.ustring.gsub.]==]
function export.gsub(str, pattern, repl, n)
local simple = pattern_simplifier(pattern)
if simple then
return gsub(str, simple, repl, n)
end
return ugsub(str, pattern, repl, n)
end
--[==[Like gsub, but pattern-matching facilities are turned off, so `pattern` and `repl` (if a string) are treated as literal.]==]
function export.plain_gsub(str, pattern, repl, n)
return gsub(str, pattern_escape(pattern), type(repl) == "string" and replacement_escape(repl) or repl, n)
end
--[==[Reverses a UTF-8 string; equivalent to string.reverse.]==]
function export.reverse(str)
return reverse((gsub(str, "[\192-\255][\128-\191]*", reverse)))
end
do
local function err(cp)
error("Codepoint " .. cp .. " is out of range: codepoints must be between 0x0 and 0x10FFFF.", 2)
end
local function utf8_char(cp)
cp = tonumber(cp)
if cp < 0 then
err(format("-0x%X", -cp))
elseif cp < 0x80 then
return char(cp)
elseif cp < 0x800 then
return char(
0xC0 + cp / 0x40,
0x80 + cp % 0x40
)
elseif cp < 0x10000 then
if cp >= 0xD800 and cp < 0xE000 then
return "?" -- mw.ustring.char returns "?" for surrogates.
end
return char(
0xE0 + cp / 0x1000,
0x80 + cp / 0x40 % 0x40,
0x80 + cp % 0x40
)
elseif cp < 0x110000 then
return char(
0xF0 + cp / 0x40000,
0x80 + cp / 0x1000 % 0x40,
0x80 + cp / 0x40 % 0x40,
0x80 + cp % 0x40
)
end
err(format("0x%X", cp))
end
function export.char(cp, ...)
if ... == nil then
return utf8_char(cp)
end
local ret = {cp, ...}
for i = 1, select("#", cp, ...) do
ret[i] = utf8_char(ret[i])
end
return concat(ret)
end
u = export.char
end
do
local function get_codepoint(b1, b2, b3, b4)
if b1 < 128 then
return b1, 1
elseif b1 < 224 then
return 0x40 * b1 + b2 - 0x3080, 2
elseif b1 < 240 then
return 0x1000 * b1 + 0x40 * b2 + b3 - 0xE2080, 3
end
return 0x40000 * b1 + 0x1000 * b2 + 0x40 * b3 + b4 - 0x3C82080, 4
end
function export.codepoint(str, i, j)
if type(str) == "number" then
return byte(str, i, j)
end
i, j = i or 1, j == -1 and #str or i or 1
if i == 1 and j == 1 then
return (get_codepoint(byte(str, 1, 4)))
elseif i < 0 or j < 0 then
return ucodepoint(str, i, j) -- FIXME
end
local n, nb, ret, nr = 0, 1, {}, 0
while n < j do
n = n + 1
if n < i then
local b = byte(str, nb)
nb = nb + (b < 128 and 1 or b < 224 and 2 or b < 240 and 3 or 4)
else
local b1, b2, b3, b4 = byte(str, nb, nb + 3)
if not b1 then
break
end
nr = nr + 1
local add
ret[nr], add = get_codepoint(b1, b2, b3, b4)
nb = nb + add
end
end
return unpack(ret)
end
codepoint = export.codepoint
function export.gcodepoint(str, i, j)
i, j = i or 1, j ~= -1 and j or nil
if i < 0 or j and j < 0 then
return ugcodepoint(str, i, j) -- FIXME
end
local n, nb = 1, 1
while n < i do
local b = byte(str, nb)
if not b then
break
end
nb = nb + (b < 128 and 1 or b < 224 and 2 or b < 240 and 3 or 4)
n = n + 1
end
return function()
if j and n > j then
return nil
end
n = n + 1
local b1, b2, b3, b4 = byte(str, nb, nb + 3)
if not b1 then
return nil
end
local ret, add = get_codepoint(b1, b2, b3, b4)
nb = nb + add
return ret
end
end
end
--[==[A version of lower which uses string.lower when possible, but otherwise uses mw.ustring.lower.]==]
function export.lower(str)
return (match(str, "^()[^\128-\255]*$") and lower or ulower)(str)
end
--[==[A version of upper which uses string.upper when possible, but otherwise uses mw.ustring.upper.]==]
function export.upper(str)
return (match(str, "^()[^\128-\255]*$") and upper or uupper)(str)
end
do
local function add_captures(t, n, ...)
if ... == nil then
return
end
-- Insert any captures from the splitting pattern.
local offset, capture = n - 1, ...
while capture do
n = n + 1
t[n] = capture
capture = select(n - offset, ...)
end
return n
end
--[==[Reimplementation of mw.text.split() that includes any capturing groups in the splitting pattern. This works like Python's re.split() function, except that it has Lua's behavior when the split pattern is empty (i.e. advancing by one character at a time; Python returns the whole remainder of the string). When possible, it will use the string library, but otherwise uses the ustring library. There are two optional parameters: `str_lib` forces use of the string library, while `plain` turns any pattern matching facilities off, treating `pattern` as literal.
In addition, `pattern` may be a custom find function (or callable table), which takes the input string and start index as its two arguments, and must return the start and end index of the match, plus any optional captures, or nil if there are no further matches. By default, the start index will be calculated using the ustring library, unless `str_lib` or `plain` is set.]==]
function export.split(str, pattern_or_func, str_lib, plain)
local iter, t, n = gsplit(str, pattern_or_func, str_lib, plain), {}, 0
repeat
n = add_captures(t, n, iter())
until n == nil
return t
end
export.capturing_split = export.split -- To be removed.
end
--[==[Returns an iterator function, which iterates over the substrings returned by {split}. The first value returned is the string up the splitting pattern, with any capture groups being returned as additional values on that iteration.]==]
function export.gsplit(str, pattern_or_func, str_lib, plain)
local start, final, str_len, _string, callable = 1
pattern_or_func, str_len, _string, callable = prepare_iter(str, pattern_or_func, str_lib, plain)
local _find, _sub = _string.find, _string.sub
local function iter(loc1, loc2, ...)
-- If no match, or there is but we're past the end of the string
-- (which happens when the match is the empty string), then return
-- the final chunk.
if not loc1 then
final = true
return _sub(str, start)
end
-- Special case: If we match the empty string, then eat the
-- next character; this avoids an infinite loop, and makes
-- splitting by the empty string work the way mw.text.gsplit() does
-- (including non-adjacent empty string matches with %f). If we
-- reach the end of the string this way, set `final` to true, so we
-- don't get stuck matching the empty string at the end.
local chunk
if loc2 < loc1 then
-- If using the string library, we need to make sure we advance
-- by one UTF-8 character.
if _sub == sub then
local b = byte(str, loc1)
if b and b >= 128 then
loc1 = loc1 + (b < 224 and 1 or b < 240 and 2 or 3)
end
end
chunk = _sub(str, start, loc1)
if loc1 >= str_len then
final = true
else
start = loc1 + 1
end
-- Eat chunk up to the current match.
else
chunk = _sub(str, start, loc1 - 1)
start = loc2 + 1
end
return chunk, ...
end
if callable then
return function()
if not final then
return iter(pattern_or_func(str, start))
end
end
-- Special case if the pattern is anchored to the start: "^" always
-- anchors to the start position, not the start of the string, so get
-- around this by only attempting one match with the pattern, then match
-- the end of the string.
elseif byte(pattern_or_func) == 0x5E then -- ^
local returned
return function()
if not returned then
returned = true
return iter(_find(str, pattern_or_func, start, plain))
elseif not final then
return iter(_find(str, "$", start, plain))
end
end
end
return function()
if not final then
return iter(_find(str, pattern_or_func, start, plain))
end
end
end
gsplit = export.gsplit
function export.trim(str, charset, str_lib, plain)
if charset == nil then
-- "^.*%S" is the fastest trim algorithm except when strings only consist of characters to be trimmed, which are very slow due to catastrophic backtracking. gsub with "^%s*" gets around this by trimming such strings to "" first.
return match(gsub(str, "^%s*", ""), "^.*%S") or ""
elseif charset == "" then
return str
end
charset = plain and ("[" .. charset_escape(charset) .. "]") or get_charset(charset)
-- The pattern uses a non-greedy quantifier instead of the algorithm used for %s, because negative character sets are non-trivial to compute (e.g. "[^^-z]" becomes "[%^_-z]"). Plus, if the ustring library has to be used, there would be two callbacks into PHP, which is slower.
local pattern = "^" .. charset .. "*(.-)" .. charset .. "*$"
if not str_lib then
local simple = pattern_simplifier(pattern)
if not simple then
return umatch(str, pattern)
end
pattern = simple
end
return match(str, pattern)
end
do
local entities
local function get_entities()
entities, get_entities = load_data("Module:data/entities"), nil
return entities
end
local function decode_entity(hash, x, code)
if hash == "" then
return (entities or get_entities())[x .. code]
end
local cp
if x == "" then
cp = match(code, "^()%d+$") and tonumber(code)
else
cp = match(code, "^()%x+$") and tonumber(code, 16)
end
return cp and cp < 0x110000 and u(cp) or nil
end
-- Non-ASCII characters aren't valid in proper HTML named entities, but MediaWiki uses them in some custom aliases which have also been included in [[Module:data/entities]].
function export.decode_entities(str)
local amp = find(str, "&", nil, true)
return amp and find(str, ";", amp, true) and gsub(str, "&(#?)([xX]?)([%w\128-\255]+);", decode_entity) or str
end
end
do
local entities
local function get_entities()
-- Memoized HTML entities (taken from mw.text.lua).
entities, get_entities = {
["\""] = """,
["&"] = "&",
["'"] = "'",
["<"] = "<",
[">"] = ">",
["\194\160"] = " ",
}, nil
return entities
end
local function encode_entity(ch)
local entity = (entities or get_entities())[ch]
if entity == nil then
entity = "&#" .. codepoint(ch) .. ";"
entities[ch] = entity
end
return entity
end
function export.encode_entities(str, charset, str_lib, plain)
if charset == nil then
return (gsub(str, "[\"&'<>\194]\160?", entities or get_entities()))
elseif charset == "" then
return str
end
local pattern = plain and ("[" .. charset_escape(charset) .. "]") or charset == "." and charset or get_charset(charset)
if not str_lib then
local simple = pattern_simplifier(pattern)
if not simple then
return (ugsub(str, pattern, encode_entity))
end
pattern = simple
end
return (gsub(str, pattern, encode_entity))
end
end
do
local function decode_path(code)
return char(tonumber(code, 16))
end
local function decode(lead, trail)
if lead == "+" or lead == "_" then
return " " .. trail
elseif #trail == 2 then
return decode_path(trail)
end
return lead .. trail
end
function export.decode_uri(str, enctype)
enctype = enctype and upper(enctype) or "QUERY"
if enctype == "PATH" then
return find(str, "%", nil, true) and gsub(str, "%%(%x%x)", decode_path) or str
elseif enctype == "QUERY" then
return (find(str, "%", nil, true) or find(str, "+", nil, true)) and gsub(str, "([%%%+])(%x?%x?)", decode) or str
elseif enctype == "WIKI" then
return (find(str, "%", nil, true) or find(str, "_", nil, true)) and gsub(str, "([%%_])(%x?%x?)", decode) or str
end
error("bad argument #2 to \"decode_uri\" (expected QUERY, PATH, or WIKI)", 2)
end
end
do
local function _remove_comments(str, pre)
local head = find(str, "<!--", nil, true)
if not head then
return str
end
local ret, n = {sub(str, 1, head - 1)}, 1
while true do
local loc = find(str, "-->", head + 4, true)
if not loc then
return pre and concat(ret) or
concat(ret) .. sub(str, head)
end
head = loc + 3
loc = find(str, "<!--", head, true)
if not loc then
return concat(ret) .. sub(str, head)
end
n = n + 1
ret[n] = sub(str, head, loc - 1)
head = loc
end
end
--[==[Removes any HTML comments from the input text. `stage` can be one of three options:
* {{lua|"PRE"}} (default) applies the method used by MediaWiki's preprocessor: all {{code||<nowiki><!-- ... --></nowiki>}} pairs are removed, as well as any text after an unclosed {{code||<nowiki><!--</nowiki>}}. This is generally suitable when parsing raw template or [[mw:Parser extension tags|parser extension tag]] code. (Note, however, that the actual method used by the preprocessor is considerably more complex and differs under certain conditions (e.g. comments inside nowiki tags); if full accuracy is absolutely necessary, use [[Module:template parser]] instead).
* {{lua|"POST"}} applies the method used to generate the final page output once all templates have been expanded: it loops over the text, removing any {{code||<nowiki><!-- ... --></nowiki>}} pairs until no more are found (e.g. {{code||<nowiki><!-<!-- ... -->- ... --></nowiki>}} would be fully removed), but any unclosed {{code||<nowiki><!--</nowiki>}} is ignored. This is suitable for handling links embedded in template inputs, where the {{lua|"PRE"}} method will have already been applied by the native parser.
* {{lua|"BOTH"}} applies {{lua|"PRE"}} then {{lua|"POST"}}.]==]
function export.remove_comments(str, stage)
if not stage or stage == "PRE" then
return _remove_comments(str, true)
end
local processed = stage == "POST" and _remove_comments(str) or
stage == "BOTH" and _remove_comments(str, true) or
error("bad argument #2 to \"remove_comments\" (expected PRE, POST, or BOTH)", 2)
while processed ~= str do
str = processed
processed = _remove_comments(str)
end
return str
end
end
--[==[Lua equivalent of PHP's {{code|php|trim($string)}}, which trims {{lua|"\0"}}, {{lua|"\t"}}, {{lua|"\n"}}, {{lua|"\v"}}, {{lua|"\r"}} and {{lua|" "}}. This is useful when dealing with template parameters, since the native parser trims them like this.]==]
function export.php_trim(str)
-- A frontier pattern with a greedy quantifier is faster than the algorithms used by export.trim, but can be only be used if the character set includes \0, since %z matches the start/end of the string, as well as \0. This is also immune to catastrophic backtracking.
return match(str, "%f[^%z\t\n\v\r ].*%f[%z\t\n\v\r ]") or ""
end
php_trim = export.php_trim
--[==[Takes a parameter name as either a string or number, and returns the Scribunto-normalized form (i.e. the key that that parameter would have in a {{lua|frame.args}} table). For example, {{lua|"1"}} (a string) is normalized to {{lua|1}} (a number), {{lua|" foo "}} is normalized to {{lua|"foo"}}, and {{lua|1.5}} (a number) is normalized to {{lua|"1.5"}} (a string). Inputs which cannot be normalized (e.g. booleans) return {{lua|nil}}. If the `no_trim` flag is set, string parameters are not trimmed, but strings may still be converted to numbers if they do not contain whitespace; this is necessary when normalizing keys into the form received by PHP during callbacks, before any trimming occurs (e.g. in the table of arguments when calling {{lua|frame:expandTemplates()}}).
Strings are trimmed with {{lua|export.php_trim}}, unless the `no_trim` flag is set. They are then converted to numbers if '''all''' of the following are true:
# They are integers; i.e. no decimals or leading zeroes (e.g. {{lua|"2"}}, but not {{lua|"2.0"}} or {{lua|"02"}}).
# They are ≤ 2{{sup|53}} and ≥ -2{{sup|53}}.
# There is no leading sign unless < 0 (e.g. {{lua|"2"}} or {{lua|"-2"}}, but not {{lua|"+2"}} or {{lua|"-0"}}).
# They contain no leading or trailing whitespace (which may be present when the `no_trim` flag is set).
Numbers are converted to strings if '''either''':
# They are not integers (e.g. {{lua|1.5}}).
# They are > 2{{sup|53}} or < -2{{sup|53}}.
When converted to strings, integers ≤ 2{{sup|63}} and ≥ -2{{sup|63}} are formatted as integers (i.e. all digits are given), which is the range of PHP's integer precision, though the actual output may be imprecise since Lua's integer precision is > 2{{sup|53}} to < -2{{sup|53}}. All other numbers use the standard formatting output by {{lua|tostring()}}.]==]
function export.scribunto_param_key(key, no_trim)
local tp = type(key)
if tp == "string" then
if not no_trim then
key = php_trim(key)
end
if match(key, "^()-?[1-9]%d*$") then
local num = tonumber(key)
-- Lua integers are only precise to 2^53 - 1, so specifically check for 2^53 and -2^53 as strings, since a numerical comparison won't work as it can't distinguish 2^53 from 2^53 + 1.
return (
num <= 9007199254740991 and num >= -9007199254740991 or
key == "9007199254740992" or
key == "-9007199254740992"
) and num or key
end
return key == "0" and 0 or key
elseif tp == "number" then
-- No special handling needed for inf or NaN.
return key % 1 == 0 and (
key <= 9007199254740992 and key >= -9007199254740992 and key or
key <= 9223372036854775808 and key >= -9223372036854775808 and format("%d", key)
) or tostring(key)
end
return nil
end
do
local byte_escapes
local function get_byte_escapes()
byte_escapes, get_byte_escapes = load_data("Module:string utilities/data").byte_escapes, nil
return byte_escapes
end
local function escape_byte(b)
return (byte_escapes or get_byte_escapes())[b] or format("\\%03d", byte(b))
end
function export.escape_bytes(str)
return (gsub(str, ".", escape_byte))
end
end
function export.format_fun(str, fun)
str = str:gsub("%-%{", "\5"):gsub("%}%-", "\6")
str = (gsub(str, "{(\\?)((\\?)[^{}]*)}", function(p1, name, p2)
if #p1 + #p2 == 1 then
return name == "op" and "{" or
name == "cl" and "}" or
error(mw.getCurrentFrame():getTitle() .. " format: unrecognized escape sequence '{\\" .. name .. "}'")
elseif fun(name) and type(fun(name)) ~= "string" then
error(mw.getCurrentFrame():getTitle() .. " format: \"" .. name .. "\" is a " .. type(fun(name)) .. ", not a string")
end
return fun(name) or error(mw.getCurrentFrame():getTitle() .. " format: \"" .. name .. "\" not found in table")
end))
return (str:gsub("\5", "-{"):gsub("\6", "}-"))
end
format_fun = export.format_fun
--[==[This function, unlike {{lua|string.format}} and {{lua|mw.ustring.format}}, takes just two parameters—a format string and a table—and replaces all instances of {{lua|{param_name}}} in the format string with the table's entry for {{lua|param_name}}. The opening and closing brace characters can be escaped with <code>{\op}</code> and <code>{\cl}</code>, respectively. A table entry beginning with a slash can be escaped by doubling the initial slash.
====Examples====
* {{lua|=string_utilities.format("{foo} fish, {bar} fish, {baz} fish, {quux} fish", {["foo"]="one", ["bar"]="two", ["baz"]="red", ["quux"]="blue"})}}
*: produces: {{lua|"one fish, two fish, red fish, blue fish"}}
* {{lua|=string_utilities.format("The set {\\op}1, 2, 3{\\cl} contains {\\\\hello} elements.", {["\\hello"]="three"})}}
*: produces: {{lua|"The set {1, 2, 3} contains three elements."}}
*:* Note that the single and double backslashes should be entered as double and quadruple backslashes when quoted in a literal string.]==]
function export.format(str, tbl)
return format_fun(str, function(key)
return tbl[key]
end)
end
do
local function do_uclcfirst(str, case_func)
-- Actual function to re-case of the first letter.
local first_letter = case_func(match(str, "^.[\128-\191]*") or "")
return first_letter .. sub(str, #first_letter + 1)
end
local function uclcfirst(str, case_func)
-- If there's a link at the beginning, re-case the first letter of the
-- link text. This pattern matches both piped and unpiped links.
-- If the link is not piped, the second capture (linktext) will be empty.
local link, linktext, remainder = match(str, "^%[%[([^|%]]+)%|?(.-)%]%](.*)$")
if link then
return "[[" .. link .. "|" .. do_uclcfirst(linktext ~= "" and linktext or link, case_func) .. "]]" .. remainder
end
return do_uclcfirst(str, case_func)
end
function export.ucfirst(str)
return uclcfirst(str, uupper)
end
function export.lcfirst(str)
return uclcfirst(str, ulower)
end
local function capitalize(w)
return uclcfirst(w, uupper)
end
--[==[Capitalize each word of a string. WARNING: May be broken in the presence of multiword links.]==]
function export.capitalize(str)
if type(str) == "table" then
-- allow calling from a template
str = str.args[1]
end
-- Capitalize multi-word that is separated by spaces
-- by uppercasing the first letter of each part.
-- I assume nobody will input all CAP text.
return (ugsub(str, "%S+", capitalize))
end
end
function export.pluralize(...) -- To be removed once all calling modules have been changed to call Module:en-utilities directly.
export.pluralize = require("Module:en-utilities").pluralize
return export.pluralize(...)
end
do
local function do_singularize(str)
local sing = match(str, "^(.-)ies$")
if sing then
return sing .. "y"
end
-- Handle cases like "[[parish]]es"
return match(str, "^(.-[cs]h%]*)es$") or -- not -zhes
-- Handle cases like "[[box]]es"
match(str, "^(.-x%]*)es$") or -- not -ses or -zes
-- Handle regular plurals
match(str, "^(.-)s$") or
-- Otherwise, return input
str
end
local function collapse_link(link, linktext)
if link == linktext then
return "[[" .. link .. "]]"
end
return "[[" .. link .. "|" .. linktext .. "]]"
end
--[==[
Singularize a word in a smart fashion, according to normal English rules. Works analogously to {pluralize()}.
'''NOTE''': This doesn't always work as well as {pluralize()}. Beware. It will mishandle cases like "passes" -> "passe", "eyries" -> "eyry".
# If word ends in -ies, replace -ies with -y.
# If the word ends in -xes, -shes, -ches, remove -es. [Does not affect -ses, cf. "houses", "impasses".]
# Otherwise, remove -s.
This handles links correctly:
# If a piped link, change the second part appropriately. Collapse the link to a simple link if both parts end up the same.
# If a non-piped link, singularize the link.
# A link like "[[parish]]es" will be handled correctly because the code that checks for -shes etc. allows ] characters between the
'sh' etc. and final -es.
]==]
function export.singularize(str)
if type(str) == "table" then
-- allow calling from a template
str = str.args[1]
end
-- Check for a link. This pattern matches both piped and unpiped links.
-- If the link is not piped, the second capture (linktext) will be empty.
local beginning, link, linktext = match(str, "^(.*)%[%[([^|%]]+)%|?(.-)%]%]$")
if not link then
return do_singularize(str)
elseif linktext ~= "" then
return beginning .. collapse_link(link, do_singularize(linktext))
end
return beginning .. "[[" .. do_singularize(link) .. "]]"
end
end
--[==[
Return the appropriate indefinite article to prefix to `str`. Correctly handles links and capitalized text.
Does not correctly handle words like [[union]], [[uniform]] and [[university]] that take "a" despite beginning with
a 'u'. The returned article will have its first letter capitalized if `ucfirst` is specified, otherwise lowercase.
]==]
function export.get_indefinite_article(str, ucfirst)
str = str or ""
-- If there's a link at the beginning, examine the first letter of the
-- link text. This pattern matches both piped and unpiped links.
-- If the link is not piped, the second capture (linktext) will be empty.
local link, linktext = match(str, "^%[%[([^|%]]+)%|?(.-)%]%]")
if match(link and (linktext ~= "" and linktext or link) or str, "^()[AEIOUaeiou]") then
return ucfirst and "An" or "an"
end
return ucfirst and "A" or "a"
end
get_indefinite_article = export.get_indefinite_article
--[==[
Prefix `text` with the appropriate indefinite article to prefix to `text`. Correctly handles links and capitalized
text. Does not correctly handle words like [[union]], [[uniform]] and [[university]] that take "a" despite beginning
with a 'u'. The returned article will have its first letter capitalized if `ucfirst` is specified, otherwise lowercase.
]==]
function export.add_indefinite_article(text, ucfirst)
return get_indefinite_article(text, ucfirst) .. " " .. text
end
return export