local export = {}
-- Split the word into syllables of C(C)V(V) shape
function export.split_syllables(word)
local syllables = {}
local remainder = word
while remainder ~= "" do
local syll = ""
if mw.ustring.find(remainder, "^([^aeiouäöü%-]+)") then
syll = syll .. mw.ustring.match(remainder, "^([^aeiouäöü%-]+)")
remainder = mw.ustring.gsub(remainder, "^([^aeiouäöü%-]+)", "")
end
if mw.ustring.find(remainder, "^([aeiouäöü%-]+)") then
syll = syll .. mw.ustring.match(remainder, "^([aeiouäöü%-]+)")
remainder = mw.ustring.gsub(remainder, "^([aeiouäöü%-]+)", "")
end
table.insert(syllables, syll)
end
-- Assume that suffixes are attached to words of at least two syllables.
if mw.ustring.find(word, "^%-") then
table.insert(syllables, 1, "")
end
return syllables
end
-- Apply gradation to a word
function export.apply_gradation(word)
local syllables = export.split_syllables(word)
for i, syll in ipairs(syllables) do
-- The first and last consonant do not gradate
if i > 1 then
-- Apply suffixal gradation to single consonants at the beginning of odd-numbered syllables
if i % 2 == 1 and mw.ustring.find(syll, "^[ptks][aeiouäöü]") then
syll = mw.ustring.gsub(syll, "^p", "b")
syll = mw.ustring.gsub(syll, "^t", "d")
syll = mw.ustring.gsub(syll, "^k", "g")
syll = mw.ustring.gsub(syll, "^s", "h")
end
-- Apply radical gradation
-- Does the next syllable begin with more than one consonant, or does it contain no vowels (final consonant)?
if i < #syllables and (mw.ustring.find(syllables[i+1], "^[^aeiouäöü][^aeiouäöü]") or not mw.ustring.find(syllables[i+1], "[aeiouäöü]")) then
syll = mw.ustring.gsub(syll, "^([lrmn]?)pp([aeiouäöü])", "%1p'%2")
syll = mw.ustring.gsub(syll, "^([lrmn]?)tt([aeiouäöü])", "%1t'%2")
syll = mw.ustring.gsub(syll, "^([lrmn]?)kk([aeiouäöü])", "%1k'%2")
syll = mw.ustring.gsub(syll, "^([lrmn]?)cc([aeiouäöü])", "%1c'%2")
syll = mw.ustring.gsub(syll, "^([lrmn]?)p([aeiouäöü])", "%1b%2")
syll = mw.ustring.gsub(syll, "^([lrmn]?)t([aeiouäöü])", "%1d%2")
syll = mw.ustring.gsub(syll, "^([lrmn]?)k([aeiouäöü])", "%1g%2")
end
end
syllables[i] = syll
end
return table.concat(syllables, "")
end
function export.make_stems(stem, contract_ctt)
local stems = {normal = stem}
stems.final = stems.normal
if mw.ustring.find(stems.normal, "[^aeiouäöü]$") then
stems.normal = stems.normal .. "e"
end
stems.i = stems.normal .. "i"
stems.k = stems.normal .. "k"
stems.n = stems.normal .. "n"
stems.t = stems.normal .. "t"
stems.types = {"unknown"}
local syllables = export.split_syllables(stems.normal)
-- Stems ending in a long vowel replace the second vowel with a diphthong
if mw.ustring.find(stems.normal, "([aeiouäöü])%1$") then
stems.types = {"long vowel"}
stems.i = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.i, "[aeiouäöü]i$", "i")
-- Stems ending in a u-diphthong replace u with v
elseif mw.ustring.find(stems.normal, "([aeioäö])[uü]$") then
stems.types = {"u-diphthong"}
stems.i = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.i, "[uü]i$", "vi")
-- Stems ending in a i-diphthong have don't get an extra -i
elseif mw.ustring.find(stems.normal, "([aeouäöü])i$") then
stems.types = {"i-diphthong"}
stems.i = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.i, "ii$", "i")
elseif #syllables == 1 then
stems.types = {"short monosyllable"}
else
-- Stems ending in a simple -i get -eji- in the plural
if mw.ustring.find(stems.normal, "i$") then
stems.types = {"i"}
stems.i = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.i, "ii$", "eji")
elseif mw.ustring.find(stems.normal, "([ouöü])$") then
stems.types = {"rounded"}
-- Stems ending in -ä replace the vowel with -ei-.
elseif mw.ustring.find(stems.normal, "([^aeiouäöü])ä$") then
if #syllables > 1 then
stems.types = {"a-ei"}
stems.i = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.i, "äi$", "ei")
end
-- Stems ending in -a replace the vowel with -oi- in the past stem,
-- but only if the preceding syllable does not contain rounded vowels.
-- Otherwise, replace with -ei- as above.
elseif mw.ustring.find(stems.normal, "([^aeiouäöü])a$") then
if #syllables > 1 then
if not mw.ustring.find(syllables[#syllables-1], "[ou]") then
stems.types = {"a-oi"}
stems.i = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.i, "ai$", "oi")
else
stems.types = {"a-ei"}
stems.i = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.i, "ai$", "ei")
end
end
-- Stems ending in -e may drop the -e in some forms, resulting in contraction
elseif mw.ustring.find(stems.normal, "[^aeiouäöü]e$") then
stems.types = {"e"}
stems.final = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.final, "e$", "i")
stems.final = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.final, "ji$", "i")
stems.i = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.i, "ei$", "i")
if mw.ustring.find(stems.normal, "cce$") then
stems.types = {"cce"}
stems.t = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.t, "ccet$", "ct")
elseif mw.ustring.find(stems.normal, "[pk][cs]e$") then
stems.types = {"kce, pce, kse, pse"}
stems.k = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.k, "[kp]([cs])ek$", "%1k")
stems.n = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.n, "[kp]sen$", "ss")
stems.t = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.t, "[kp]([cs])et$", "%1t")
elseif mw.ustring.find(stems.normal, "[aeiouäöü%-]ce$") then
stems.types = {"Vce"}
stems.n = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.n, "cen$", "nn")
stems.t = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.t, "cet$", "ct")
elseif mw.ustring.find(stems.normal, "[aeiouäöü%-]he$") then
stems.types = {"Vhe"}
stems.t = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.t, "het$", "ht")
elseif mw.ustring.find(stems.normal, "[aeiouäöü%-]ke$") then
stems.types = {"Vke"}
stems.k = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.k, "kek$", "kk")
if stems.normal == "näke" or stems.normal == "teke" or #syllables > 2 then
stems.t = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.t, "ket$", "kt")
end
elseif mw.ustring.find(stems.normal, "[aeiouäöü%-][lnrs]e$") then
stems.types = {"Vle, Vne, Vre, Vse"}
stems.k = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.k, "([lnrs])ek$", "%1k")
stems.n = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.n, "([lnrs])en$", "%1n")
stems.n = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.n, "([lns])n$", "%1%1")
stems.t = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.t, "([lnrs])et$", "%1t")
elseif mw.ustring.find(stems.normal, "[aeiouäöü%-]me$") then
stems.types = {"Vme"}
stems.t = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.t, "met$", "nt")
elseif mw.ustring.find(stems.normal, "[chst]te$") then
stems.types = {"cte, hte, ste, tte"}
elseif mw.ustring.find(stems.normal, "kte$") then
stems.types = {"kte"}
stems.final = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.final, "ti$", "ci")
stems.i = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.i, "ti$", "ci")
if contract_ctt then
stems.t = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.t, "ktet$", "kt")
end
elseif mw.ustring.find(stems.normal, "nte$") then
stems.types = {"nte"}
stems.final = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.final, "ti$", "ci")
stems.i = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.i, "ti$", "ci")
stems.n = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.n, "nten$", "nn")
if contract_ctt then
stems.t = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.t, "ntet$", "tt")
end
elseif mw.ustring.find(stems.normal, "[aeiouäöü%-]te$") then
stems.types = {"Vte"}
stems.final = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.final, "ti$", "ci")
stems.i = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.i, "ti$", "ci")
stems.k = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.k, "tek$", "tk")
stems.n = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.n, "ten$", "nn")
stems.t = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.t, "tet$", "tt")
elseif mw.ustring.find(stems.normal, "te$") then
stems.types = {"te"}
stems.final = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.final, "ti$", "ci")
stems.i = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.i, "ti$", "ci")
end
if #syllables >= 3 then
stems.final = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.final, "i$", "")
end
-- Simplify final consonant clusters
stems.final = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.final, "[^aeiouäöü%-]+([^aeiouäöü])$", "%1")
stems.final = mw.ustring.gsub(stems.final, "m$", "n")
end
end
return stems
end
function export.detect_harmony(stem)
local vowels = {}
vowels.a = "ä"
vowels.u = "ü"
if mw.ustring.find(stem, "[aou]") then
vowels.a = "a"
vowels.u = "u"
end
return vowels
end
return export
