James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd版, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN978-0-521-51796-6, 页102.
↑ 1.01.1Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN0-521-44384-9, 页32, 71
↑Rubin, Aaron D. (2004) “An Outline of Comparative Egypto-Semitic Morphology” in Egyptian and Semito-Hamitic (Afro-Asiatic) studies: in memoriam W. Vycichl, page 481