维基词典

coast

参见：Coast

英语 编辑

发音 编辑

词源 1 编辑

源自中古英语 coste (“肋骨；身体的一边；建筑物的一边；立体图形的面；海岸；海湾；海洋；凹；界限；土地；国家；地区；地方，地点；天的分区；方位；方向；用来表示方向的地点”) [以及其他形式]，[1]源自古法语 coste (“肋；侧；海岸”)（现代法语 côte (“肋骨；海岸；山丘”)），源自拉丁语 costa (“肋骨；边”)，[2]源自原始印欧语 *kost-。

名词 编辑

coast (复数 coasts)

  1. 岸，滨 （自14世纪）
    The rocky coast of Maine has few beaches.
    缅因州到处都是石头的岸边少有沙滩。
  2. (弃用) 边，面，边缘 （15-18世纪）
    • 1730, Isaac Newton, Opticks, 4th ed., London: […] William Innys […], page 331:
      And the Coaſt towards which the lines KL and VX are drawn, may be call’d the Coaſt of unuſual Refraction.
  3. (弃用) 地区，区划 （14-17世纪）
    • Template:RQ:Tyndale Bible
    • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], 章号 II, 出自 The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition ii, section 3:
      P. Crescentius, in his lib. 1 de agric. cap. 5, is very copious in this subject, how a house should be wholesomely sited, in a good coast, good air, wind, etc.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  4. (弃用) 空中的区域 （14-17世纪）
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词源 2 编辑

源自中古英语 costeien (“在一个边界上移动；沿着...走；陪同；穿越，穿过；邻接于”) [以及其他形式]，[3]源自盎格鲁-诺曼语 [具体何词?]、古法语 costoier (“靠在，与...邻接”) […]（现代法语 côtoyer (“划过，经过；擦肩”)），源自拉丁语 costicāre，源自拉丁语 costa (“肋骨；边”)，还见词源 1。[4]

动词 编辑

coast (第三人称单数简单现在时 coasts，现在分词 coasting，一般过去时及过去分词 coasted)

  1. (不及物) （指车等不依靠引擎动力）滑行
    When I ran out of gas, fortunately I managed to coast into a nearby gas station.
    我没油了，还好我想办法把车推到了附近的一家加油站。
    • 1947 January and February, O. S. Nock, “"The Aberdonian" in Wartime”, 出自 Railway Magazine，页号 7:
      We steamed easily across the first part of the Tay Bridge, and then after passing over the long spans in mid-stream we coasted smoothly down the 1 in 114 gradient, and around the sweeping curve through Esplanade Station.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 2020 9月 23, “Network News: AWC employs coasting to minimise disruption”, 出自 Rail，页号 26:
      Avanti West Coast has introduced the use of coasting with its Pendolino fleet, in an effort to keep disruption during overhead line equipment failures to a minimum. [...] The Class 390s coasted for three miles without power between Harrow & Wealdstone and Wembley Central, running under damaged OLE.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  2. (不及物，航海) 沿岸航行
  3. (不及物) 不出力，不费力，不花心思
    • November 2 2014, Daniel Taylor, "Sergio Agüero strike wins derby for Manchester City against 10-man United," guardian.co.uk
      Yet the truth is that City would probably have been coasting by that point if the referee, Michael Oliver, had not turned down three separate penalties, at least two of which could be accurately described as certainties.
  4. (不及物，弃用) 接近，靠近
  5. (及物，弃用) 沿着...的海岸线移动
  6. (及物，弃用) 引导...沿着岸移动
  7. (美国，方言) 向坡下滑行；用雪橇滑行

参考资料 编辑

  1. ↑ “cō̆ste, n.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  2. ↑ “coast, n.”, OED Online  ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2021; “coast, n.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
  3. ↑ “cō̆steien, v.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  4. ↑ “coast, v.”, OED Online  ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, June 2021; “coast, v.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.

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取自“https://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=coast&oldid=8016797”