superman

参见：Superman 和 supermán

仿译自德语 Übermensch；Thomas Common- +‎ 托马斯·康门- +‎ en》，和super。德语词是由尼采在其1883年的著作《查拉图斯特拉如是说（Also sprach Zarathustra）》中提出，并由爱尔兰剧作家萧伯纳在1903年剧作《凡人与超人1909年翻译尼采著作时提出本词。有的学者认为本词并不对应 Übermensch，应使用德语词或overman。

“有超能力的人”一义是由DC漫画角色超人普及，其最早登场是1938年6月的Action Comics #1。

发音编辑

(标准英音) 国际音标^(帮助)：/ˈs(j)uːpəmæn/
(通用美式) 国际音标^(帮助)：/ˈsupɚmæn/
音频 (澳式) （文档）
断字：su‧per‧man

名词编辑

superman (复数 supermen)

(哲学) 超人（1903）
Nietzsche wrote of the coming of the superman.
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- 1903, [George] Bernard Shaw, “Man's Objection to His Own Improvement”, in The Revolutionist's Handbook and Pocket Companion, appendix to Man and Superman: A Comedy and a Philosophy, Westminster, London: Archibald Constable & Co., Ltd., OCLC 903618586, page 194:
  Man does desire an ideal Superman with such energy as he can spare from his nutrition, and has in every age magnified the best living substitute for it he can find. His least incompetent general is set up as an Alexander; his King is the first gentleman in the world; his Pope is a saint. He is never without an array of human idols who are all nothing but sham Supermen.
- 1909, Friedrich Nietzsche; Thomas Common, transl., “Zarathustra's Prologue”, in Thus Spake Zarathustra; a Book for All and None (Complete Works of Friedrich Nietzsche; 4), Edinburgh, T. N. Foulis, OCLC 1210069; republished as Thus Spake Zarathustra, New York, N.Y.: The Modern Library, [1940s?], OCLC 11993131, page 6:
  And Zarathustra spake thus unto the people: / I teach you the Superman. Man is something that is to be surpassed. What have ye done to surpass man? / […] What is the ape to man? A laughing-stock, a thing of shame. And just the same shall man be to the Superman: a laughing-stock, a thing of shame.
超人，有超能力的人
He worked like a superman to single-handedly complete the project on time.
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- 1931, P[yotr] D[emianovich] Ouspensky, R[eginald] R. Merton, transl., “Superman”, 出自 A New Model of the Universe: Principles of the Psychological Method in Its Application to Problems of Science, Religion, and Art, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, →OCLC，页号s 113–114:
  [page 113] The idea of superman is as old as the world. Through all the centuries, through hundreds of centuries of its history, humanity has lived with the idea of superman. Sayings and legends of all ancient peoples are full of images of a superman. Heroes of myths, Titans, demi-gods, Prometheus, who brought fire from heaven; prophets, messiahs and saints of all religions; heroes of fairy tales and epic songs, knights who rescue captive princesses, awake sleeping beauties, vanquish dragons, and fight giants and ogres—all these are images of a superman. […] [page 114] People dreamt of, or remembered times long past when their life was governed by supermen, who struggled against evil, upheld justice and acted as mediators between men and the Deity, governing them according to the will of the Deity, giving them laws, bringing them commandments.
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- 2010 August, A[lex] E[chevarria] Roman, 章号 25, 出自 The Superman Project: A Chico Santana Mystery, New York, N.Y.: Thomas Dunne Books, St. Martin's Press, →ISBN，页号 218:
  I had a vision of what the ideal man should be. I wanted someone whose income combined with mine could afford us a family, an apartment, a car, and all the travel, luxury, and fun we could possibly tolerate. I wanted a Superman.
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- 2016, Patrick J. Reider, “How Batman Cowed a God”, 出自 Nicolas Michaud 编, Batman, Superman, and Philosophy: Badass or Boyscout? (Popular Culture and Philosophy; 100), Chicago, Ill.: Open Court Publishing Company, →ISBN:
  What type of human weakness might a being of unfathomable power—a superman—inadvertently expose to the keen analytic mind of an avenging dark knight? Would he discover that a superhuman being who cannot be overcome, who is loved and adored by most, and who awes the commoner, desires to be overcome?
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- 2016, A Study Guide for Fyodor Dostoevsky’s “Crime and Punishment” (Novels for Students), Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale; Cengage Learning, →ISBN:
  Early in Crime and Punishment, [Rodion] Raskolnikov has become obsessed with the notion that he himself is a "superman." Therefore, he thinks, he is not subject to the laws that govern ordinary people. […] However, his indecision and confusion throughout the novel indicate that he is not a superman. Moreover, in the course of the novel, [Fyodor] Dostoyevsky seeks to prove that there is no such thing as a superman. Dostoyevsky believes that every human life is precious, and no one is entitled to kill.
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