附錄:發音

对国际音标不熟悉的读者请参考Appendix:國際音標符號。

国际音标（IPA）

中文維基百科有一篇文章關於：

国际音标

維基百科

此外一般采用的是宽式音标（Template:IPA）。严式音标可以用Template:IPA2。鼠标悬浮至音标符号上，会显示该音的名称。

辅音

辅音声音文件一般为 /aCa/ 的录音。


肺部气流辅音的国际音标图（含发音文件）
部位 →	双唇				舌面前								舌背						舌根				声门
↓ 方法	双唇		唇齿		齿		齿龈		龈后		卷舌		硬颚		软颚		小舌		咽		会厌
鼻音		[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="双唇鼻音">m</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="双唇鼻音" / )]]		[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="唇齿鼻音">ɱ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="唇齿鼻音" / )]]		[[附录:国际音标\|n̪]]		[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="齿龈鼻音">n</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="齿龈鼻音" / )]]				[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="卷舌鼻音">ɳ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="卷舌鼻音" / )]]		[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="硬颚鼻音">ɲ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="硬颚鼻音" / )]]		[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="软颚鼻音">ŋ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="软颚鼻音" / )]]		[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="小舌鼻音">ɴ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="小舌鼻音" / )]]
塞音	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清双唇塞音">p</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清双唇塞音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊双唇塞音">b</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊双唇塞音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|p̪]]	[[附录:国际音标\|b̪]]	[[附录:国际音标\|t̪]]	[[附录:国际音标\|d̪]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清齿龈塞音">t</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清齿龈塞音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊齿龈塞音">d</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊齿龈塞音" / )]]			[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清卷舌塞音">ʈ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清卷舌塞音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊卷舌塞音">ɖ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊卷舌塞音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清硬颚塞音">c</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清硬颚塞音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊硬颚塞音">ɟ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊硬颚塞音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清软颚塞音">k</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清软颚塞音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊软颚塞音">ɡ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊软颚塞音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清小舌塞音">q</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清小舌塞音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊小舌塞音">ɢ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊小舌塞音" / )]]			[[附录:国际音标\|ʡ]]		[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="声门塞音">ʔ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="声门塞音" / )]]
擦音	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清双唇擦音">ɸ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清双唇擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊双唇擦音">β</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊双唇擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清唇齿擦音">f</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清唇齿擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊唇齿擦音">v</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊唇齿擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清齿擦音">θ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清齿擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊齿擦音">ð</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊齿擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清齿龈擦音">s</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清齿龈擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊齿龈擦音">z</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊齿龈擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清龈后擦音">ʃ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清龈后擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊龈后擦音">ʒ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊龈后擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清卷舌擦音">ʂ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清卷舌擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊卷舌擦音">ʐ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊卷舌擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清硬颚擦音">ç</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清硬颚擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊硬颚擦音">ʝ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊硬颚擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清软颚擦音">x</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清软颚擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊软颚擦音">ɣ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊软颚擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清小舌擦音">χ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清小舌擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊小舌擦音">ʁ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊小舌擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清咽擦音">ħ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清咽擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊咽擦音">ʕ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊咽擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清会厌擦音">ʜ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清会厌擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊会厌擦音">ʢ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊会厌擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清声门擦音">h</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清声门擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊声门擦音">ɦ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊声门擦音" / )]]
近音				[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="唇齿近音">ʋ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="唇齿近音" / )]]				[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="齿龈近音">ɹ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="齿龈近音" / )]]				[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="卷舌近音">ɻ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="卷舌近音" / )]]		[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="硬颚近音">j</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="硬颚近音" / )]]		[[附录:国际音标\|ɰ]]
颤音		[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="双唇颤音">ʙ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="双唇颤音" / )]]						[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="齿龈颤音">r</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="齿龈颤音" / )]]				[[附录:国际音标\|ɽ͡r]]						[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="小舌颤音">ʀ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="小舌颤音" / )]]				[[附录:国际音标\|я replace я with ᴙ, invalid IPA characters (я)]]
弹音		[[附录:国际音标\|ⱱ̟]]		[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="唇齿弹音">ⱱ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="唇齿弹音" / )]]				[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="齿龈弹音">ɾ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="齿龈弹音" / )]]				[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="卷舌弹音">ɽ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="卷舌弹音" / )]]						[[附录:国际音标\|ɢ̆]]				[[附录:国际音标\|ʡ̯]]
边擦音							[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清齿龈边擦音">ɬ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清齿龈边擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊齿龈边擦音">ɮ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊齿龈边擦音" / )]]			[[附录:国际音标\|ɭ˔̊]]		[[附录:国际音标\|ʎ̥˔]]		[[附录:国际音标\|ʟ̝̊]]
边近音								[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="齿龈边近音">l</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="齿龈边近音" / )]]				[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="卷舌边近音">ɭ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="卷舌边近音" / )]]		[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="硬颚边近音">ʎ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="硬颚边近音" / )]]		[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="软颚边近音">ʟ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="软颚边近音" / )]]
边弹音								[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="齿龈边弹音">ɺ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="齿龈边弹音" / )]]				[[附录:国际音标\|ɺ̢]]		[[附录:国际音标\|ʎ̯]]

上表中的音标符号在有些电脑中无法正常显示。成对的音标中，左为清音，右为浊音。

**非肺部气流辅音**
喌音	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="双唇喌音">ʘ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="双唇喌音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="齿喌音">ǀ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="齿喌音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="齿龈喌音">ǃ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="齿龈喌音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="硬颚喌音">ǂ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="硬颚喌音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="边喌音">ǁ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="边喌音" / )]]
内爆音	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊双唇内爆音">ɓ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊双唇内爆音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊齿龈内爆音">ɗ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊齿龈内爆音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊硬颚内爆音">ʄ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊硬颚内爆音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊软颚内爆音">ɠ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊软颚内爆音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊小舌内爆音">ʛ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊小舌内爆音" / )]]
喷音	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="双唇喷音">pʼ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="双唇喷音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="齿龈喷音">tʼ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="齿龈喷音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="软颚喷音">kʼ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="软颚喷音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="小舌喷音">qʼ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="小舌喷音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="齿龈喷擦音">sʼ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="齿龈喷擦音" / )]]
喷音	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="齿龈喷塞擦音">tsʼ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="齿龈喷塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="齿龈边喷塞擦音">tɬʼ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="齿龈边喷塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="龈后喷塞擦音">tʃʼ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="龈后喷塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="软颚喷塞擦音">kxʼ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="软颚喷塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="软颚边喷塞擦音">kʼ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="软颚边喷塞擦音" / )]]

**塞擦音**
[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清唇齿塞擦音">p̪f</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清唇齿塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊唇齿塞擦音">b̪v</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊唇齿塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清齿龈塞擦音">ts</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清齿龈塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊齿龈塞擦音">dz</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊齿龈塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清龈后塞擦音">tʃ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清龈后塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊龈后塞擦音">dʒ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊龈后塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清龈颚塞擦音">tɕ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清龈颚塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊龈颚塞擦音">dʑ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊龈颚塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清卷舌塞擦音">ʈʂ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清卷舌塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊卷舌塞擦音">ɖʐ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊卷舌塞擦音" / )]]
[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清齿塞擦音">t̪θ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清齿塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊齿塞擦音">d̪ð</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊齿塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清齿龈边塞擦音">tɬ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清齿龈边塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊齿龈边塞擦音">dɮ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊齿龈边塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清硬颚塞擦音">cç</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清硬颚塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊硬颚塞擦音">ɟʝ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊硬颚塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清软颚塞擦音">kx</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清软颚塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊软颚塞擦音">ɡɣ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊软颚塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清小舌塞擦音">qχ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清小舌塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊小舌塞擦音">ɢʁ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊小舌塞擦音" / )]]

协同发音辅音
擦音	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清龈颚擦音">ɕ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清龈颚擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊龈颚擦音">ʑ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊龈颚擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清硬-软颚擦音">ɧ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清硬软颚擦音" / )]]
近音	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清唇软颚近音">ʍ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清唇软颚近音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊唇软颚近音">w</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊唇软颚近音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="唇颚近音">ɥ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="唇颚近音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="软颚化齿龈边近音">ɫ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="软颚化齿龈边近音" / )]]
塞音	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清唇软颚塞音">k͡p</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清唇软颚塞音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊唇软颚塞音">ɡ͡b</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊唇软颚塞音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="唇软颚鼻音">ŋ͡m</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="唇软颚鼻音" / )]]

元音

声音文件一般为 /V/ 的录音。

元音的国际音标图（含发音文件）

前

次前

央

次后

后

闭

[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="闭前不圆唇元音">i</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="闭前不圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="闭前圆唇元音">y</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="闭前圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="闭央不圆唇元音">ɨ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="闭央不圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="闭央圆唇元音">ʉ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="闭央圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="闭后不圆唇元音">ɯ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="闭后不圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="闭后圆唇元音">u</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="闭后圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="次闭次前不圆唇元音">ɪ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="次闭次前不圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="次闭次前圆唇元音">ʏ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="次闭次前圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|ɪ̈]] [[附录:国际音标\|ʊ̈]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="次闭次后圆唇元音">ʊ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="次闭次后圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="半闭前不圆唇元音">e</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="半闭前不圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="半闭前圆唇元音">ø</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="半闭前圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="半闭央不圆唇元音">ɘ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="半闭央不圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="半闭央圆唇元音">ɵ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="半闭央圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="半闭后不圆唇元音">ɤ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="半闭后不圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="半闭后圆唇元音">o</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="半闭后圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="mid-央元音">ə</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" =" 央元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="半开前不圆唇元音">ɛ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="半开前不圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="半开前圆唇元音">œ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="半开前圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="半开央不圆唇元音">ɜ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="半开央不圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="半开央圆唇元音">ɞ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="半开央圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="半开后不圆唇元音">ʌ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="半开后不圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="半开后圆唇元音">ɔ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="半开后圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="次开前不圆唇元音">æ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="次开前不圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|ɐ]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="开前不圆唇元音">a</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="开前不圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="开前圆唇元音">ɶ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="开前圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="开后不圆唇元音">ɑ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="开后不圆唇元音" / )]] [[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="开后圆唇元音">ɒ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="开后圆唇元音" / )]]

次闭

半闭

中

半开

次开

开

成对的元音中，左为不圆唇，右为圆唇。

肺部气流辅音的国际音标图（含发音文件）
部位 →	双唇				舌面前								舌背						舌根				声门
↓ 方法	双唇		唇齿		齿		齿龈		龈后		卷舌		硬颚		软颚		小舌		咽		会厌
鼻音		[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="双唇鼻音">m</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="双唇鼻音" / )]]		[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="唇齿鼻音">ɱ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="唇齿鼻音" / )]]		[[附录:国际音标\|n̪]]		[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="齿龈鼻音">n</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="齿龈鼻音" / )]]				[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="卷舌鼻音">ɳ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="卷舌鼻音" / )]]		[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="硬颚鼻音">ɲ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="硬颚鼻音" / )]]		[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="软颚鼻音">ŋ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="软颚鼻音" / )]]		[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="小舌鼻音">ɴ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="小舌鼻音" / )]]
塞音	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清双唇塞音">p</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清双唇塞音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊双唇塞音">b</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊双唇塞音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|p̪]]	[[附录:国际音标\|b̪]]	[[附录:国际音标\|t̪]]	[[附录:国际音标\|d̪]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清齿龈塞音">t</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清齿龈塞音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊齿龈塞音">d</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊齿龈塞音" / )]]			[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清卷舌塞音">ʈ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清卷舌塞音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊卷舌塞音">ɖ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊卷舌塞音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清硬颚塞音">c</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清硬颚塞音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊硬颚塞音">ɟ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊硬颚塞音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清软颚塞音">k</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清软颚塞音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊软颚塞音">ɡ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊软颚塞音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清小舌塞音">q</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清小舌塞音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊小舌塞音">ɢ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊小舌塞音" / )]]			[[附录:国际音标\|ʡ]]		[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="声门塞音">ʔ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="声门塞音" / )]]
擦音	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清双唇擦音">ɸ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清双唇擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊双唇擦音">β</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊双唇擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清唇齿擦音">f</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清唇齿擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊唇齿擦音">v</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊唇齿擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清齿擦音">θ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清齿擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊齿擦音">ð</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊齿擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清齿龈擦音">s</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清齿龈擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊齿龈擦音">z</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊齿龈擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清龈后擦音">ʃ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清龈后擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊龈后擦音">ʒ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊龈后擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清卷舌擦音">ʂ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清卷舌擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊卷舌擦音">ʐ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊卷舌擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清硬颚擦音">ç</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清硬颚擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊硬颚擦音">ʝ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊硬颚擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清软颚擦音">x</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清软颚擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊软颚擦音">ɣ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊软颚擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清小舌擦音">χ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清小舌擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊小舌擦音">ʁ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊小舌擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清咽擦音">ħ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清咽擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊咽擦音">ʕ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊咽擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清会厌擦音">ʜ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清会厌擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊会厌擦音">ʢ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊会厌擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清声门擦音">h</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清声门擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊声门擦音">ɦ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊声门擦音" / )]]
近音				[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="唇齿近音">ʋ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="唇齿近音" / )]]				[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="齿龈近音">ɹ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="齿龈近音" / )]]				[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="卷舌近音">ɻ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="卷舌近音" / )]]		[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="硬颚近音">j</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="硬颚近音" / )]]		[[附录:国际音标\|ɰ]]
颤音		[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="双唇颤音">ʙ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="双唇颤音" / )]]						[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="齿龈颤音">r</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="齿龈颤音" / )]]				[[附录:国际音标\|ɽ͡r]]						[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="小舌颤音">ʀ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="小舌颤音" / )]]				[[附录:国际音标\|я replace я with ᴙ, invalid IPA characters (я)]]
弹音		[[附录:国际音标\|ⱱ̟]]		[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="唇齿弹音">ⱱ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="唇齿弹音" / )]]				[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="齿龈弹音">ɾ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="齿龈弹音" / )]]				[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="卷舌弹音">ɽ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="卷舌弹音" / )]]						[[附录:国际音标\|ɢ̆]]				[[附录:国际音标\|ʡ̯]]
边擦音							[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清齿龈边擦音">ɬ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清齿龈边擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊齿龈边擦音">ɮ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊齿龈边擦音" / )]]			[[附录:国际音标\|ɭ˔̊]]		[[附录:国际音标\|ʎ̥˔]]		[[附录:国际音标\|ʟ̝̊]]
边近音								[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="齿龈边近音">l</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="齿龈边近音" / )]]				[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="卷舌边近音">ɭ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="卷舌边近音" / )]]		[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="硬颚边近音">ʎ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="硬颚边近音" / )]]		[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="软颚边近音">ʟ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="软颚边近音" / )]]
边弹音								[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="齿龈边弹音">ɺ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="齿龈边弹音" / )]]				[[附录:国际音标\|ɺ̢]]		[[附录:国际音标\|ʎ̯]]

喌音	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="双唇喌音">ʘ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="双唇喌音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="齿喌音">ǀ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="齿喌音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="齿龈喌音">ǃ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="齿龈喌音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="硬颚喌音">ǂ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="硬颚喌音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="边喌音">ǁ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="边喌音" / )]]
内爆音	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊双唇内爆音">ɓ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊双唇内爆音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊齿龈内爆音">ɗ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊齿龈内爆音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊硬颚内爆音">ʄ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊硬颚内爆音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊软颚内爆音">ɠ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊软颚内爆音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊小舌内爆音">ʛ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊小舌内爆音" / )]]
喷音	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="双唇喷音">pʼ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="双唇喷音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="齿龈喷音">tʼ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="齿龈喷音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="软颚喷音">kʼ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="软颚喷音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="小舌喷音">qʼ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="小舌喷音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="齿龈喷擦音">sʼ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="齿龈喷擦音" / )]]
喷音	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="齿龈喷塞擦音">tsʼ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="齿龈喷塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="齿龈边喷塞擦音">tɬʼ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="齿龈边喷塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="龈后喷塞擦音">tʃʼ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="龈后喷塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="软颚喷塞擦音">kxʼ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="软颚喷塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="软颚边喷塞擦音">kʼ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="软颚边喷塞擦音" / )]]

[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清唇齿塞擦音">p̪f</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清唇齿塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊唇齿塞擦音">b̪v</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊唇齿塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清齿龈塞擦音">ts</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清齿龈塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊齿龈塞擦音">dz</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊齿龈塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清龈后塞擦音">tʃ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清龈后塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊龈后塞擦音">dʒ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊龈后塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清龈颚塞擦音">tɕ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清龈颚塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊龈颚塞擦音">dʑ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊龈颚塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清卷舌塞擦音">ʈʂ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清卷舌塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊卷舌塞擦音">ɖʐ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊卷舌塞擦音" / )]]
[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清齿塞擦音">t̪θ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清齿塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊齿塞擦音">d̪ð</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊齿塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清齿龈边塞擦音">tɬ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清齿龈边塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊齿龈边塞擦音">dɮ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊齿龈边塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清硬颚塞擦音">cç</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清硬颚塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊硬颚塞擦音">ɟʝ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊硬颚塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清软颚塞擦音">kx</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清软颚塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊软颚塞擦音">ɡɣ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊软颚塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清小舌塞擦音">qχ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清小舌塞擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊小舌塞擦音">ɢʁ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊小舌塞擦音" / )]]

擦音	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清龈颚擦音">ɕ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清龈颚擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊龈颚擦音">ʑ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊龈颚擦音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清硬-软颚擦音">ɧ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清硬软颚擦音" / )]]
近音	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清唇软颚近音">ʍ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清唇软颚近音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊唇软颚近音">w</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊唇软颚近音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="唇颚近音">ɥ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="唇颚近音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="软颚化齿龈边近音">ɫ</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="软颚化齿龈边近音" / )]]
塞音	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="清唇软颚塞音">k͡p</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="清唇软颚塞音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="浊唇软颚塞音">ɡ͡b</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="浊唇软颚塞音" / )]]	[[附录:国际音标\|⟨span style="cursor:help;" title="唇软颚鼻音">ŋ͡m</span⟩ replace : with ː, invalid IPA characters ( =" : ;" ="唇软颚鼻音" / )]]