bellum

拉丁語

發音

• (古典拉丁語) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈbel.lum/, [ˈbɛlːʲʊ̃ˑ]
• (教會拉丁語) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈbel.lum/, [ˈbɛlːum]

• 音頻 (古典)：

  (檔案)

詞源1

源自duellum，頭音由 duellum → bellum（對比duis → bis）。

名詞

bellum n (属格 bellī); 第二类变格

1. 戰爭
   • w:韦格蒂乌斯

     Sī vīs pācem parā bellum.

     想要和平，就要準備戰爭。

   Si omnes opinionibus pugnent non sint bella.

   If everyone should fight for their own convictions there would be no war.

變格

第二類變格名詞（中性）。

格	單數	複數
主格	bellum	bella
屬格	bellī	bellōrum
與格	bellō	bellīs
賓格	bellum	bella
奪格	bellō	bellīs
呼格	bellum	bella

• 方位格單數: bellī

近義詞

• duellum

派生詞

• bellicrepus
• bellicus
• bellidux
• bellifer
• belliger
• belligerator
• belligeratio
• bellipotens
• bellisonus

相關詞彙

• belligerō
• belligerāns
• bellō

派生語彙

• 英語: antebellum, postbellum

詞源2

bellus (“漂亮的”)的變格形。

形容詞

bellum

1. bellus 的主格中性單數
2. bellus 的賓格陽性單數
3. bellus 的賓格中性單數
4. bellus 的呼格中性單數

參考資料

• bellum in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
• “bellum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891年) An Elementary Latin Dictionary，New York：Harper & Brothers
• bellum在Charles du Fresne du Cange的Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• bellum在Gaffiot, Félix (1934年) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français (拉丁語-法語詳解詞典)，Hachette中的內容
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894年) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1]，London：Macmillan and Co.
  • （模糊）to threaten some one with death, crucifixion, torture, war: minitari (minari) alicui mortem, crucem et tormenta, bellum
    
  • （模糊）to threaten war, carnage: denuntiare bellum, caedem (Sest. 20. 46)
    
  • （模糊）a religious war: bellum pro religionibus susceptum
    
  • （模糊）men exempt from service owing to age: qui per aetatem arma ferre non possunt or aetate ad bellum inutiles
    
  • （模糊）to charge some one with the conduct of a war: praeficere aliquem bello gerendo
    
  • （模糊）the command-in-chief: summa belli, imperii (B. G. 2. 4. 7)
    
  • （模糊）to make preparations for war: bellum parare
    
  • （模糊）preparations for war; war-material: apparatus (rare in plur.) belli
    
  • （模糊）to make formal declaration of war: bellum indīcere, denuntiare
    
  • （模糊）a regular, formal war: bellum iustum (pium)
    
  • （模糊）a civil war: bellum intestinum, domesticum (opp. bellum externum)
    
  • （模糊）to cause a war: bellum facere, movere, excitare
    
  • （模糊）to kindle a war: bellum conflare (Fam. 5. 2. 8)
    
  • （模糊）to meditate war: bellum moliri
    
  • （模糊）to commence hostilities: bellum incipere, belli initium facere (B. G. 7. 1. 5)
    
  • （模糊）to interfere in a war: bello se interponere (Liv. 35. 48)
    
  • （模糊）to be involved in a war: bello implicari
    
  • （模糊）to begin a war with some one: bellum cum aliquo inire
    
  • （模糊）a war is imminent: bellum impendet, imminet, instat
    
  • （模糊）war breaks out: bellum oritur, exardescit
    
  • （模糊）everywhere the torch of war is flaming: omnia bello flagrant or ardent (Fam. 4. 1. 2)
    
  • （模糊）to make war on a person: bellum gerere cum aliquo
    
  • （模糊）to wage war in conjunction with some one: bellum coniungere (Imp. Pomp. 9. 26)
    
  • （模糊）to protract, prolong a war: bellum ducere, trahere, extrahere
    
  • （模糊）to carry on a war energetically: omni studio in (ad) bellum incumbere
    
  • （模糊）to invade: bellum inferre alicui (Att. 9. 1. 3)
    
  • （模糊）to be the aggressor in a war; to act on the offensive: bellum or arma ultro inferre
    
  • （模糊）to act on the defensive: bellum (inlatum) defendere
    
  • （模糊）to go to war, commence a campaign: proficisci ad bellum, in expeditionem (Sall. Iug. 103)
    
  • （模糊）to send to the war: mittere ad bellum
    
  • （模糊）to have the control of the war: bellum administrare
    
  • （模糊）to harass with war: bello persequi aliquem, lacessere
    
  • （模糊）to put an end to war: belli finem facere, bellum finire
    
  • （模糊）to terminate a war (by force of arms and defeat of one's opponents): bellum conficere, perficere
    
  • （模糊）to terminate a war (by a treaty, etc.: bellum componere (Fam. 10. 33)
    
  • （模糊）to transfer the seat of war elsewhere: bellum transferre alio, in...
    
  • （模糊）the seat of war, theatre of operations: belli sedes (Liv. 4. 31)
    
  • （模糊）to change one's tactics: rationem belli gerendi mutare (Liv. 32. 31)
    
  • （模糊）to triumph over some one: triumphare de aliquo (ex bellis)