bureaucracy

英語

替代寫法

• bureaucratie
• bureau-ocracy (過時)
• burocracy (美國)

詞源

bureau +‎ -cracy，來自法語 bureaucratie，由雅克·克勞德·瑪麗·文森特·德古納所創的新詞，來自bureau (“官方”) + -cratie (“規則”)。

發音

• (英國) 國際音標^(幫助): /bjʊəˈɹɒkɹəsi/

  • 音頻 (英國)：

    (檔案)

• (美國) 國際音標^(幫助): /bjʊˈɹɑːkɹəsi/

名詞

bureaucracy (可數 和 不可數，複數 bureaucracies)

1. 官僚政府
   • 2021年12月29日, Philip Haigh, “Rail's role in unifying Great Britain and Northern Ireland”, 出自 RAIL, 第 947 期，第 25 頁:

     However, when Britain left the European Union, ferries started to ply a direct sea link from Ireland, to save hauliers from custom's bureaucracy of driving via Britain.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2. (商業，organizational theory) 官僚體制

   At that time the administration replaced the system of patronage in the civil service with a bureaucracy.

   当时，政府用官僚制取代了公务员队伍中的赞助制。

3. 官僚機構

   The bureaucracy is expanding to meet the needs of the expanding bureaucracy. (apocryphal quip)

   官僚机构正在扩大，以满足不断扩大的官僚体制的需要。

4. (主要用於貶義) 繁文縟節，官僚主義

   The head of the civil service promised to clamp down on bureaucracy.

   公务员系统的负责人承诺要打击官僚主义。

   • 2020年5月20日, Andrew Haines talks to Stefanie Foster, “Repurpose rail for the 2020s”, 出自 Rail，第 35 頁:

     "If we can capture anything from this awful situation, it is that ability to trust people to do certain things for themselves and to look out for each other, and to give them the tools to do their job as well as they can without having to go through endless bureaucracy to achieve it, which very often just delays and dilutes and doesn't add much value.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

衍生詞

• bureaucrat
• bureaucratese
• bureaucratic
• bureaucratically

參見

• adhocracy

延伸閱讀

• "bureaucracy" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 49.
• “bureaucracy”，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.