grisly

英语

发音

(標準英音，通用美式) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈɡɹɪzli/
- （英国）音频： (檔案)
同音詞：grizzly
斷字：gris‧ly

词源 1

源自中古英語 grisely、grysly、grissliȝ、griselich、grislich，源自古英語 grisliċ (“恐怖的，骇人的”)，源自grīsan (“使...因惧怕而战栗；颤抖，恐惧；使...颤抖，使...害怕”) （不直接可考，但āgrīsan暗示其存在）^[1] + -lic (构成形容词的后缀，表示“像...的，与...有关的”)。

其还可能是古英語 ongrislic、agrisenliċ的词首非重音形式，其为agrīsan (“使...因惧怕而战栗”, 派生出agrise)的过去分词。^[2]

对比丹麥語 grusom、瑞典語 gräslig、中古荷蘭語 grezelijc（现代荷蘭語 griezelig）、中古高地德語 grisenlich（现代德語 grässlich、grausen）。

形容词

grisly (比較級 grislier，最高級 grisliest)

恐怖的，骇人的，可怕的
近義詞：(弃用) grisy、gristly、(误拼) grizzly；亦參見Thesaurus:frightening

The photographs of the killings depict a grisly scene.
杀人现场的相片惨不忍睹。
- Template:RQ:Harvey Foure Letters
- 1610, Richard Niccols, “The Indvction”, 出自 A Winter Nights Vision; being an Addition of such Princes Especially Famous, who were Exempted in the Former Historie, part IV, London: Felix Kyngston, →OCLC; 再版為 Joseph Haslewood 編, Mirror for Magistrates, 第 II, part II 卷, London: Printed for Lackington, Allen, and Co. Finsbury Square; and Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orms, and Brown, Paternoster Row, 1815, →OCLC，第 548 頁:
  Then clad in cloake of mistie fogges the darke night vp did come, / And with grim grislie looke did seeme to bid me get me home; […]
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- 1878, John Boyle O'Reilly, “On the Trail”, 出自 Moondyne: A Story from the Under-world, London: George Routledge and Sons, 出版於 1879, →OCLC; 再版為 Moondyne: A Story of Convict Life in Australia, London: George Routledge & Sons, Limited, Broadway House, Ludgate Hill, [1880s], →OCLC, book first，第 23–24 頁s:
  It was sore travelling for horse and man under the blazing sun, with no food nor water save what he pressed from the pith of the palms, and even these were growing scarce. The only life on the plains was the hard and dusty scrub. Every hour brought a more hopeless and grislier desolation.
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- 1941, Winston Churchill, The Unrelenting Struggle:
  We know too well the bestial assault you are making upon the Russian people, to whom our hearts go out in their valiant struggle. We will have no truce or parley with you, or the grisly gang who work your wicked will. You do your worst and we will do our best.
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- 1968 summer, Hayden Carruth, “Making It New”, 出自 The Hudson Review, 第 XXI 卷, 第 2 期, New York, N.Y.: Hudson Review, Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC; reprinted as “From ‘Making It New’ [Body Rags]”, 出自 Howard Nelson 編, On the Poetry of Galway Kinnell: The Wages of Dying (Under Discussion), Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press, 1987, →ISBN，第 75 頁:
  In his [Galway Kinnell's] new book, Body Rags, he has brought this style to a kind of perfection, especially in two poems about the killing of animals, "The Porcupine" and "The Bear." These are the grisliest poems I have ever read.
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- 2017年1月19日, Peter Bradshaw, “T2 Trainspotting review – choose a sequel that doesn’t disappoint”, 出自 The Guardian‎^[1], London，於20 January 2017歸檔自原頁面:
  Perhaps you have to have seen the first film to like this one; to feel, like the young fans of Harry Potter, that without knowing or wanting it, you have grown up with its grisly protagonists.
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grizzly的棄用形式。
- 1631, Francis [Bacon], “(please specify |century=I to X)”, 出自 Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd版, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:
  old squirrels that turn grisly
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- 1830, Josiah Conder, The Modern Traveller: Mexico (continued), Guatemala (page 84)
  The animals found in this province are, deer, elk, buffalo, cabrie, the grisly black bear, and wild horses.
gristly的拼寫錯誤。

用法说明

勿与gristly或grizzly相混淆。

其他形式

griesly、grislie (弃用)

衍生词汇

名词

grisly (複數 grislies)

grizzly (“棕熊”)的棄用形式。
- 1893, Theodore Roosevelt, Hunting the Grisly and Other Sketches

词源 2

源自grisle (“恐怖”) +‎ -ly，对比中古荷蘭語 griselike、中古低地德語 grislike。

副词

grisly (比較級 more grisly，最高級 most grisly)

(棄用) 恐怖地，吓人地
- 1850, William Tyndale, 引 Thomas More, “[The Solutions and Answers unto M. More’s First Book.] The Sixteenth Chapter”, 出自 Henry Walter 編, An Answer to Sir Thomas More’s Dialogue, The Supper of the Lord after the True Meaning of John VI. and 1 Cor. XI. and Wm. Tracy’s Testament Expounded. By William Tyndale, Martyr, 1536. Edited for the Parker Society, by the Rev. Henry Walter, B.D. F.R.S. [...], Cambridge: Printed at the University Press, →OCLC，第 90, footnote 頁:
  [A] very fair young gentlewoman [Sir Roger Wentworth's daughter], of twelve years of age, in marvellous manner vexed and tormented by our ghostly enemy, the devil, her mind alienated and raving, with despising and blaspheming of God, and hatred of all hallowed things, […] finally being brought and laid before the image of our blessed lady, was there, in the sight of many worshipful people, so grievously tormented, and in face, eyes, look, and countenance, so grisly changed, with her mouth drawn aside, and her eyes laid out upon her cheeks, that it was a terrible sight to behold. And after many marvellous things, […] restored to their good state, perfectly cured and suddenly.
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- 1870, George Adlard, “A Letter: Whearin Part of the Entertainment unto the Queen’s Majesty at Killingworth Castl in Warwiksheer in this Somers Progress—1575 is Signified: 源自a Freend Officer Attendant in the Court unto His Freend a Citizen and Merchaunt of London. [...] With Explanatory Notes.”, 出自 Amye Robsart and the Earl of Leycester; a Critical Inquiry into the Authenticity of the Various Statements in Relation to the Death of Amye Robsart, and of the Libels on the Earl of Leycester, with a Vindication of the Earl by His Nephew Sir Philip Sydney. And a History of Kenilworth Castle, including an Account of the Splendid Entertainment Given to Queen Elizabeth by the Earl of Leycester, in 1575，源自the Works of Robert Laneham and George Gascoigne; together with Memoirs and Correspondence of Sir Robert Dudley, Son of the Earl of Leycester, London: John Russell Smith, 36 Soho Square, →OCLC，第 142 頁:
  A valiant Captain of great prowess, as fierce as a fox assaulting a goose, was so hardy to give the first stroke: then got they so grisly together, that great was the activity that day to be seen there on both sides: the one very eager for purchase of prey, the other utterly stout for redemption of liberty: thus, quarrel enflamed the fury on both sides: twice the Danes had the better, but at the last conflict, beaten down, overcome, and many led captive for triumph by our English women.
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近义词

参考资料

↑ “grise, v.”，OED Online ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，1900年
↑ “grisly, adj.”，OED Online ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，1900年; “grisly, adj.”，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.

中古英语

形容词

grisly

令人毛骨悚然的，骇人的
- 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, 出自 The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, 出版於 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne] 編, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, “folio III, verso”:
  Whan that Arcite to Thebes comen was / Full ofte a day he ſwelte and ſaid alas / For ſene his lady ſhall be neuer mo / And ſhortely to conclude, all his wo / So mikell ſoro we made neuer creature / That is or ſhalbe, while the world may dure / His ſlepe, his meate, his drinke is him byraft / That leane he waxeth, and drye as a ſhaft / His eyen holow, and griſly to beholde / His hewe pale, and ſalowe as aſhen colde / And ſolitary he was, and euer alone / And wailing all the night, making mone
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副词