英語 编辑

詞源 编辑

源自拉丁語

名詞 编辑

urbs (複數 urbes)

  1. 古羅馬衛城

異序詞 编辑

拉丁語 编辑

 
urbs

詞源 编辑

來源不確定,可能來自:

發音 编辑

名詞 编辑

urbs f (属格 urbis); 第三类变格

  1. 城市,有城墻的城鎮
    • 106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, In Catilinam :
      O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus? Quam rem publicam habemus? In qua urbe vivimus?
      O immortal gods, where on earth are we? What government do we have? In what city do we live?
    Urbi ferro flammāque minatus est.
    他用火和劍威脅著城市
  2. 羅馬
    • 100 BCE – 44 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.7:
      Caesari cum id nuntiatum esset, eos per provinciam nostram iter facere conari, maturat ab urbe proficisci et quam maximis potest itineribus in Galliam ulteriorem contendit et ad Genavam pervenit.
      當愷撒聽到他們向本國進發的消息時,他馬上帶上最多的士兵出,遠征高盧,一路直到日內瓦。
    Ab urbe condita.
    羅馬城建成之日起。
    Urbi et orbi.
    羅馬城,到全世界。

變格 编辑

第三類變格名詞(i-詞幹)。

單數 複數
主格 urbs urbēs
屬格 urbis urbium
與格 urbī urbibus
賓格 urbem urbīs
urbēs
奪格 urbe urbibus
呼格 urbs urbēs

另主格複數:urbis

派生詞 编辑

派生語彙 编辑

  • 世界語:urbo
  • 伊多語:urbo
  • 意大利語:Urbe
  • 葡萄牙語:urbe
  • 羅馬尼亞語:urbe
  • 西班牙語:urbe

參考資料 编辑

  • urbs in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
  • urbs”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • urbs在Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français (拉丁語-法語詳解詞典), Hachette中的內容
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • the heart of the city: sinus urbis (Sall. Cat. 52. 35)
    • to set fire to a city: inflammare urbem
    • the city is very beautifully situated: urbs situ ad aspectum praeclara est
    • the city is situate on a bay: urbs in sinu sita est
    • to be far from town: longe, procul abesse ab urbe
    • to enter a city: ingredi, intrare urbem, introire in urbem
    • arrival in Rome, in town: adventus Romam, in urbem
    • to draw near to a city: appropinquare urbi, rarely ad urbem
    • to advance nearer to the city: propius accedere ad urbem or urbem
    • in the fifth year from the founding of the city: anno ab urbe condita quinto
    • native place: urbs patria or simply patria
    • the plague breaks out in the city: pestilentia (not pestis) in urbem (populum) invadit
    • a report is spreading imperceptibly: fama serpit (per urbem)
    • after having duly taken the auspices: auspicato (rem gerere, urbem condere)
    • to banish a person, send him into exile: ex urbe (civitate) expellere, pellere aliquem
    • to expel a person from the city, country: exterminare (ex) urbe, de civitate aliquem (Mil. 37. 101)
    • to garrison a town: praesidiis firmare urbem
    • to garrison a town: praesidium collocare in urbe
    • to raise a siege (used of the army of relief): urbis obsidionem liberare
  1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, ISBN 9789004167971
  2. Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [印歐語詞源詞典] (德語), 卷II, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, 页444