urbs
英語
編輯詞源
編輯源自拉丁語。
名詞
編輯urbs (複數 urbes)
異序詞
編輯拉丁語
編輯詞源
編輯來源不確定,可能來自:
- 原始意大利語 *worβis,源自原始印歐語 *werbʰ- (「圍住」)(對比翁布里亞語 𐌖𐌄𐌓𐌚𐌀𐌋𐌄 (uerfale, 「做占卜的地方」)、赫梯語 [需要文字] (warpa-, 「圍場」)、吐火羅語A warpi (「花園」)、吐火羅語B werwiye (「花園」))。[1]
- 派生自原始印歐語 *gʰórdʰos (「城市」)(源自*gʰerdʰ- (「圍住」),參見赫梯語 [需要文字] (gurtas, 「城堡」)、梵語 गृह (gṛhá, 「房屋」)、英語 yard (「院子」))[2],但這種說法會導致不規則變化的出現:規則變化應作 ˣhorbus。
發音
編輯名詞
編輯- 城市,有城墻的城鎮
- Urbi ferro flammāque minatus est.
- 他用火和劍威脅著城市。
- 羅馬城
- 100 BCE – 44 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.7:
- Caesari cum id nuntiatum esset, eos per provinciam nostram iter facere conari, maturat ab urbe proficisci et quam maximis potest itineribus in Galliam ulteriorem contendit et ad Genavam pervenit.
- 當愷撒聽到他們向本國進發的消息時,他馬上帶上最多的士兵出城,遠征高盧,一路直到日內瓦。
- Caesari cum id nuntiatum esset, eos per provinciam nostram iter facere conari, maturat ab urbe proficisci et quam maximis potest itineribus in Galliam ulteriorem contendit et ad Genavam pervenit.
- Ab urbe condita.
- 從羅馬城建成之日起。
- Urbi et orbi.
- 到羅馬城,到全世界。
變格
編輯第三類變格名詞(i-詞幹)。
格 | 單數 | 複數 |
---|---|---|
主格 | urbs | urbēs |
屬格 | urbis | urbium |
與格 | urbī | urbibus |
賓格 | urbem | urbīs urbēs |
奪格 | urbe | urbibus |
呼格 | urbs | urbēs |
另主格複數:urbis
派生詞
編輯派生語彙
編輯參考資料
編輯- urbs in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
- 「urbs」, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- urbs在Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français (拉丁語-法語詳解詞典), Hachette中的內容
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- the heart of the city: sinus urbis (Sall. Cat. 52. 35)
- to set fire to a city: inflammare urbem
- the city is very beautifully situated: urbs situ ad aspectum praeclara est
- the city is situate on a bay: urbs in sinu sita est
- to be far from town: longe, procul abesse ab urbe
- to enter a city: ingredi, intrare urbem, introire in urbem
- arrival in Rome, in town: adventus Romam, in urbem
- to draw near to a city: appropinquare urbi, rarely ad urbem
- to advance nearer to the city: propius accedere ad urbem or urbem
- in the fifth year from the founding of the city: anno ab urbe condita quinto
- native place: urbs patria or simply patria
- the plague breaks out in the city: pestilentia (not pestis) in urbem (populum) invadit
- a report is spreading imperceptibly: fama serpit (per urbem)
- after having duly taken the auspices: auspicato (rem gerere, urbem condere)
- to banish a person, send him into exile: ex urbe (civitate) expellere, pellere aliquem
- to expel a person from the city, country: exterminare (ex) urbe, de civitate aliquem (Mil. 37. 101)
- to garrison a town: praesidiis firmare urbem
- to garrison a town: praesidium collocare in urbe
- to raise a siege (used of the army of relief): urbis obsidionem liberare
- the heart of the city: sinus urbis (Sall. Cat. 52. 35)
- ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, ISBN 9789004167971
- ↑ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [印歐語詞源詞典] (德語), 卷II, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, 頁444