sacer

拉丁语

词源

源自原始意大利语 *sākris (“神圣的”) ← 原始印欧语 *seh₂k- (“神圣化；签约”)。

发音

• (古典) 国际音标^(帮助)：/ˈsa.ker/, [ˈsa.kɛr]
• (教会) 国际音标^(帮助)：/ˈsa.t͡ʃer/, [ˈsaː.t͡ʃɛr]

形容词

sacer (阴性 sacra，中性 sacrum); 第一/第二类变格 形容词 (主格阳性单数结尾为-er)

1. 神圣的，受崇敬的 (翻译希腊语ἱερός)
   • c. 200 BCE, Plautus, Menaechmi V.5.38:

     at ego te sacram coronam surrupuisse Iovi scio

     And I know that you stole the sacred crown of Jupiter.

2. 牺牲的；受诅咒的
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid III.56:

     quid non mortalia pectora cogis / auri sacra fames

     Accursed hunger for gold, what do you not compel the hearts of men to do!

3. 天赐的，天空的
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid VIII.591:

     extulit os sacrum caelo tenebrasque resoluit

     lifts to the skies his countenance divine, and melts the shadows of the night away.

4. (诗歌用法, 奥古斯都后的散文) 可恨的，可怕的；有罪的；邪恶的
   • c. 190 BCE, Plautus, Bacchides 4.6.14:

     ego sum malus ego sum sacer scelestus

     I am a bad one, I am a cursed one—a wicked one.

变格

第一/第二类变格 adjective (主格阳性单数结尾为-er)。

数	单数				复数
格 / 性	阳性	阴性	中性		阳性	阴性	中性
主格	sacer	sacra	sacrum		sacrī	sacrae	sacra
属格	sacrī	sacrae	sacrī		sacrōrum	sacrārum	sacrōrum
与格	sacrō		sacrō		sacrīs
宾格	sacrum	sacram	sacrum		sacrōs	sacrās	sacra
夺格	sacrō	sacrā	sacrō		sacrīs
呼格	sacer	sacra	sacrum		sacrī	sacrae	sacra

近义词

• (受诅咒的)： scelestus
• (神圣的)： augustus, sānctus
• (可恨的)： exsecrābilis, scelestus

反义词

• (神圣的)： dēfānātus

派生词

• sacellum
• sacerarbōs
• sacerdōs
• sacrālis
• sacrārium
• sacrārius

• sacricola
• sacrifer
• sacrificō
• sacrilegus
• sacrima
• sacrō
• sacrōsānctus
• sacrum
• sacer vātēs

相关词汇

相关词

• sacerdōtālis
• sacerdōtium
• sacerdōtula
• sacrāmentālis
• sacrāmentum

• sacrātē
• sacrātiō
• sacrātor
• sacrificālis
• sacrificātiō

• sacrificātor
• sacrificātus
• sacrificiolus
• sacrificium
• sacrificulus

• sacrificus
• sacrilegē
• sacrilegium
• sanciō

派生语汇

• 阿斯图里亚斯语: sacru
• 加泰罗尼亚语: sacre
• 加利西亚语: sacro, sagro
• 意大利语: sacro

• 葡萄牙语: sacro
• 罗马尼亚语: sacru
• 西西里语: sacru
• 西班牙语: sacro

参考资料

• sacer in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
• “sacer”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• sacer在Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français (拉丁语-法语详解词典), Hachette中的内容
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • （模糊）ritual; ceremonial: sacra, res divinae, religiones, caerimoniae
    
  • （模糊）to sacrifice: sacra, sacrificium facere (ἱερὰ ῥέζειν), sacrificare
    
  • （模糊）to profane sacred rites: sacra polluere et violare
    
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, ISBN 9789004167971, 页532