moment of inertia

英語

名詞

moment of inertia (複數 moments of inertia)

1. (物理學，古典力學) 轉動慣量

   The moment of inertia of a rigid body is a quantity that determines the torque needed for a given angular acceleration about a given rotational axis, analogous to how mass determines the force needed for a given acceleration.

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   • 1882, Edward John Routh, The Elementary Part of a Treatise on the Dynamics of a System of Rigid Bodies, 4th版, MacMillan & Co.，第 10 頁:

     The moments of inertia of a heterogeneous body whose boundary is a surface of uniform density may sometimes be found by the method of differentiation.

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   • 1884, Benjamin Williamson, An Elementary Treatise on the Integral Calculus, 4th版, Appleton and Company，第 292 頁:

     Consequently, the moment of inertia of a body relative to any axis can be found when that for the parallel axis through its centre of gravity is known.

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2. (工程學，structural engineering) 截面二次軸矩
   • 2007, Robert L. Mott, Applied Strength of Materials, 5th版, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press)，第 323 頁:

     Stresses due to vertical shearing forces also depend on moment of inertia and are discussed in Chapter 8.
     Some mathematicians and stress analysts use the term second moment of area instead of moment of inertia. That term is, in fact, more descriptive of the definition of this property in the following discussion.

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同義詞

• (轉動慣量)： mass moment of inertia、angular mass、rotational inertia
• (截面二次軸矩)： area moment of inertia、second area moment、second moment of area、second moment of inertia

衍生詞

• polar moment of inertia (resistance to torsion)

相關詞

• moment
• moment of force

參見

• planar second moment of area
• second polar moment of area (= polar moment of inertia)