sophism

英語

詞源 1

源自中古英語 sophim，源自古法語 soffime、sofime、sofisme、sophisme，源自拉丁語 sophisma (「謬誤，詭辯」)，源自古希臘語 σόφῐσμᾰ (sóphisma)，源自σοφίζω (sophízō) + -μα (-ma)。

名詞

sophism (可數 和 不可數，複數 sophisms)

1. (不可數，歷史) 智辯學派

   近義詞：sophistic

   • 1958, Sophie Trenkner, The Greek Novella in the Classical Period，第 15 頁:

     Within the framework of democracy a new ideology, born of sophism, took root and proclaimed the rights of the individual in all spheres, political as well as moral.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2003, Murray Leaf, 「Ethnography and Pragmatism」, 出自 Alfonso Morales 編, Renascent Pragmatism: Studies in Law and Social Science, →ISBN，第 92 頁:

     Empiricism has its roots in Greek and Roman sophism and skepticism, and continues through Kant and American pragmatism.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2009, Richard M. Berthold, Dare to Struggle: The History and Society of Greece, →ISBN，第 75 頁:

     Sophistic teachers did not, in general, consciously aim at corrupting the young or turning them against their parents, but the radical skepticism and moral relativism of later sophism indirectly achieved something like this.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2. (可數) 詭辯

   近義詞：sophistry

   • 1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], 章號 XIX, 出自 Romance and Reality. […], 第 I 卷, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC，第 232 頁:

     The hope of improvement is a quality at once so strong and so excellent in the human mind, that I, for one, disapprove of any sophism—or, if you will, argument—that tends to repress it.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

3. (可數) 故意的謬誤
4. (不可數) 詭辯術

   近義詞：sophistry

   • 1779, David Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion:

     What! No demonstration of the Being of God! No abstract arguments! No proofs a priori! Are these, which have hitherto been so much insisted on by philosophers, all fallacy, all sophism? Can we reach no further in this subject than experience and probability?

相關詞彙

• sophist
• sophistic
• sophisticate
• sophisticated
• sophistry

參見

• half-truth

詞源 2

名詞

sophism (不可數)

1. Sufism的古舊形式。

延伸閱讀

• OneLook 在線詞典 上有關 sophism 的釋義
• 「sophism」 in Merriam–Webster Online Dictionary.
• 「sophism」，The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language [美國傳統英語詞典]，第五版，麻薩諸塞州波士頓：霍頓・米夫林・哈考特，2016，ISBN 978-0-544-45445-3
• 「sophism」 in the Collins English Dictionary
• 「sophism」 in the Cambridge English Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• 「sophism」，Dictionary.com Unabridged，Dictionary.com, LLC，1995–present
• Douglas Harper (2001–2024年)，「sophism」，《線上詞源詞典》（Online Etymology Dictionary）
• sophism, britannica.com