caelum
參見:Caelum
拉丁語 编辑
發音 编辑
詞源1 编辑
不確定;可能繼承自原始意大利語 *kailom(性別部分轉換為陽性),繼承自原始印歐語 *kóh₂i-lom (“全部,完整”),源自 *koh₂i-、*kéy-,表示“完整”,與 templum (“部分”) 相對,與拉丁語 caelebs、sincērus、caerimōnia、俄語 це́лый (célyj, “全部,完整”)、英語 whole、holy 同源。可能與奧斯坎語 𐌊𐌀𐌝𐌋𐌀 (kaíla, “一種建築”) 同源。性別自中性至陽性的轉換不規則。[1]
其他寫法 编辑
- caelus (acl, 較罕用)
- cael (acl, 和其他縮略形式共同見於昆图斯·恩纽斯的 Annales)
- cælum
- coelum, cœlum (med, new, 非常常見)
- cēlum (med)
名詞 编辑
caelum n 或 m (属格 caelī); 第二类变格
變格 编辑
第二類變格名詞(中性)。
格 | 單數 | 複數 |
---|---|---|
主格 | caelum | caela |
屬格 | caelī | caelōrum |
與格 | caelō | caelīs |
賓格 | caelum | caela |
奪格 | caelō | caelīs |
呼格 | caelum | caela |
單數是陽性時,作 caelus。基督教時代之前,複數形式罕用且僅見於詩歌語,但在教會拉丁語中較常見,複數一般是陽性的。
派生詞彙 编辑
派生語彙 编辑
- 巴爾幹-羅曼語支:
- 達爾馬提亞語:
- 伊斯特拉語:
- 意大利-羅曼語支:
- 帕達尼亞語支:
- 北高盧-羅曼語支:
- 南高盧-羅曼語支:
- 島嶼羅曼語支:
- 伊比利亞-羅曼語支:
- 借詞:
參考資料 编辑
- ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “caelum”, Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, ISBN 9789004167971, 页80-81
詞源2 编辑
繼承自原始意大利語 *kaid(s)lom,源自原始印歐語 *kh₂eyd- (“切,割,砍,劈”)(與 caedō (“切割”) 同源)。[1]
其他寫法 编辑
名詞 编辑
變格 编辑
第二類變格名詞(中性)。
格 | 單數 | 複數 |
---|---|---|
主格 | caelum | caela |
屬格 | caelī | caelōrum |
與格 | caelō | caelīs |
賓格 | caelum | caela |
奪格 | caelō | caelīs |
呼格 | caelum | caela |
相關詞彙 编辑
派生語彙 编辑
- → 英語: Caelum
參考資料 编辑
- 1caelum in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
- 2caelum in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
- “caelum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- 1 caelum在Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français (拉丁語-法語詳解詞典), Hachette中的內容
- 2 caelum在Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français (拉丁語-法語詳解詞典), Hachette中的內容
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to raise the eyes to heaven; to look up to the sky: suspicere (in) caelum
- to raise the eyes to heaven; to look up to the sky: oculos tollere, attollere ad caelum
- climate: caelum or natura caeli
- healthy climate: caelum salūbre, salubritas caeli (opp. grave, gravitas)
- temperate climate: caeli temperatio
- rough climate: caeli asperitas
- variable climate: caeli varietas
- the star-lit sky; the firmament: caelum astris distinctum et ornatum
- the pole: vertex caeli, axis caeli, cardo caeli
- a storm accompanied by heavy claps of thunder: tempestas cum magno fragore (caeli) tonitribusque (Liv. 1. 16)
- the heavens are shaken by the thunder: caelum tonitru contremit
- to extol, laud to the skies: laudibus aliquem (aliquid) in caelum ferre, efferre, tollere
- to raise the hands to heaven (attitude of prayer): (supinas) manus ad caelum tendere
- (模糊)to run its course in the sky: cursum conficere in caelo
- (模糊)to be struck by lightning: de caelo tangi, percuti
- (模糊)when it is growing dusk; towards evening: die, caelo vesperascente
- (模糊)to observe the sky (i.e. the flight of birds, lightning, thunder, etc.: de caelo servare (Att. 4. 3. 3)
- to raise the eyes to heaven; to look up to the sky: suspicere (in) caelum
- “caelum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “caelum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
- ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “caedō, -ere”, Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, ISBN 9789004167971, 页79-80