维基词典

bright

参见：Bright

英语 编辑

发音 编辑

 
Bright sunlight (sense 2) seen at Cerro de la Campana in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
墨西哥索诺拉州埃莫西约市的Cerro de la Campana里明亮（义项2）的阳光
  • (标准英音、通用美式) 英语发音：brīt、国际音标(帮助)：/bɹaɪt/
  • （通用美式）音频（文档）
  • 韵部：-aɪt

词源 1 编辑

形容词派生自中古英语 bright (“光亮的，明亮的；强烈的；闪亮的；辉煌的；（指人）美丽的，面色红润的；极佳的；清晰的；（指视觉）明晰的；（比喻义）无罪过的；开明的”) [以及其他形式][1]，源自古英语 bryht、breht (诺森伯兰)，字母换位自byrht (盎格鲁)、beorht (西萨克逊)、berht (“明晰的”) [以及其他形式]，源自原始西日耳曼语 *berht[2]，源自原始日耳曼语 *berhtaz (“明亮的”)，最终源自原始印欧语 *bʰerHǵ- (“照，使...变白”)。

名词派生自中古英语 bright (“光亮，闪亮；阳光；光”)，源自bright (形容词)：[3]见上文。

英语词的同源词包括阿尔巴尼亚语 bardhë (“白的”)、荷兰语 brecht (用于人名)、冰岛语 bjartur (“明亮的”)、立陶宛语 brekšta (“破晓”)、中古爱尔兰语 brafad (“眨眼”)、挪威语 bjart (“光亮的，明晰的”)、波斯语 برازیدن (barâzidan, “美化；适宜于”)、北卢里语 بڵێز (bełız, “火焰”) 俄语 бре́зжить (brézžitʹ, “破晓；发微光；（比喻义，指希望，思想等）出现，显现”)、梵语 भ्राजते (bhrājate)、低地苏格兰语 bricht (“明亮的”)、威尔士语 berth (“美丽的”) (弃用)。

形容词 编辑

bright (比较级 brighter，最高级 brightest)

  1. 明亮的，发光的，闪耀的，照耀的；炫目的
    The sky was remarkably bright and blue on that beautiful summer day.
    夏天里的那天，蓝色的天空格外的闪耀夺目。
    • 1646 (indicated as 1645), John Milton, “At a Solemn Musick”, 出自 Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], →OCLC，页号 22:
      Where the bright Seraphim in burning row / Their loud up-lifted Angel trumpets blow; / And the Cherubick hoſt in thouſand quires / Touch their immortal Harps of golden wires, […]
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1667, John Milton, “Book III”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版为 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，行号s 372 and 381–382:
      Thee Father firſt they ſung Omnipotent, / […] that brighteſt Seraphim / Approach not, but with both their wings veil thir eyes.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1897, Bram Stoker, “Cutting from ‘The Dailygraph,’ 8 August (Pasted in Mina Murray’s Journal.)”, 出自 Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC，页号 95:
      There were very few people about, and though the sun was bright, and the air clear and fresh, the big, grim-looking waves, that seemed dark themselves because the foam that topped them was like snow, forced themselves in through the narrow mouth of the harbour—like a bullying man going through a crowd.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  2. (指光) 亮的，强烈的
    Could you please dim the light? It’s far too bright.
    能把灯调暗点吗？太亮了。
  3. (指物体，表面等) 反光而耀眼的，有光泽的
    近义词： lustrous；亦参见Thesaurus:shiny
    反义词： dull
  4. (指某空间) 明亮的
  5. (指气候或天气) 晴朗的
    • 1841 February–November, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge”, 出自 Master Humphrey’s Clock, 卷 III, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, chapter 77，页号 392:
      [H]e felt the influence of the bright sky, and looked up smiling into its deep unfathomable blue.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1910, Emerson Hough, “A Lady in Company”, 出自 The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC，页号 6:
      Serene, smiling, enigmatic, she faced him with no fear whatever showing in her dark eyes. The clear light of the bright autumn morning had no terrors for youth and health like hers.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  6. (比喻义)
    1. 显然的，显眼的
      • 1961 11月 10, Joseph Heller, “The Soldier in White”, 出自 Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC，页号 169:
        They gathered soberly in the farthest recess of the ward and gossiped about him in malicious, offended undertones, rebelling against his presence as a ghastly imposition and resenting him malevolently for the nauseating truth of which he was bright reminder.
        （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    2. (指颜色) 鲜亮的，鲜艳的
      近义词： vivid
      反义词： muted、pale
    3. (指物体，表面) 颜色鲜艳的，多彩的
      The orange and blue walls of the sitting room were much brighter than the dull grey walls of the kitchen.
      客厅的橙色蓝色相间的墙壁比厨房的单调灰色的墙鲜艳多了。
    4. (指乐器，声音，嗓音) 清晰的，嘹亮的，尖锐的
    5. (指房间或地方) 容易造成尖锐回音的
    6. (指气味，味道) 明显的，强烈的
    7. (指物质) 透明的，澄明的；纯净的，无杂质的；(尤指酒) 纯净的，无悬浮物的，优质的
    8. 辉煌的，荣耀的，显赫的
      • 1681, Charles Cotton, The Wonders of the Peake, London: […] Joanna Brome, […], →OCLC，页号 16:
        And 'twas the worſt, if not the only ſtain, / I'th' brighteſt Annals of a Female Reign.
        （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    9. 高兴的，开心的；乐观的
      近义词： 参见Thesaurus:happy
      反义词： 参见Thesaurus:sad
      I woke up today feeling so bright that I decided to have a little dance.
      今天起床心情特别好，好到我跳了支舞。
    10. (指脸，眼睛，笑容等) 高兴的，阳光的，灿烂的
      • 1978 10月 19, Mike Batt （作曲作词）, “Bright Eyes”, 出自 Fate for Breakfast, 演出者 Art Garfunkel, 出版于 19 January 1979:
        Bright eyes / Burning like fire / Bright eyes / How can you close and fail? / How can the light that burned so brightly / Suddenly burn so pale? / Bright eyes
        （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    11. (指人) 快活的，生机勃勃的
    12. (指一段时期) 快乐的，繁荣昌盛的
      She has a bright future ahead.
      她前途无量。
    13. (指机会，前景等) 光明的，好的
      If he trains hard, his chances of winning the competition are bright.
      他努力训练的话就很有希望能赢得那场竞赛。
    14. (指对话，发言，写作等) 巧妙的，机智的，聪明的
    15. 机智的，聪明的
      近义词： 参见Thesaurus:intelligent
      反义词： 参见Thesaurus:stupid
      She’s very bright. She was able to solve the problem without my help.
      她很聪明，不需要我帮忙就解决了那个问题。
      • 1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 16: Eumaeus]”, 出自 Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part III [Nostos]，页号 573:
        ―Ah, God, Corley replied, sure I couldn't teach in a school, man. I was never one of your bright ones, he added with a half laugh, Got stuck twice in the junior at the Christian Brothers.
        （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
      • 2013 8月 3, “Revenge of the nerds: An explosion of start-ups is changing finance for the better”, 出自 The Economist‎[1], 卷 408, 期 8847, London: Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC，于3 August 2013归档自原页面:
        Think of banking today and the image is of grey-suited men in towering skyscrapers. Its future, however, is being shaped in converted warehouses and funky offices in San Francisco, New York and London, where bright young things in jeans and T-shirts huddle around laptops, sipping lattes or munching on free food.
        （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    16. (古旧)
      1. (指眼睛) 视力好的，锐利的
      2. 显然的
        • 1741, I[saac] Watts, “The Socratical Way of Disputation”, 出自 The Improvement of the Mind: Or, A Supplement to the Art of Logick: […], London: […] James Brackstone, […], →OCLC, paragraph V，页号 172:
          [T]he Queriſt muſt not proceed too ſwiftly towards the Determination of his Point propos'd, that he may with more Eaſe, with brighter Evidence, and with ſurer Succeſs draw the Learner on to aſſent to thoſe Principles ſtep by ſtep, from whence the final Concluſion will naturally ariſe.
          （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    17. (音乐，指旋律，节奏) 轻快的，愉快的
  7. (冶金学，指金属或表面) 无防腐蚀覆盖层的
衍生词汇 编辑

名词 编辑

bright (复数 brights)

  1. (古旧或书面)
    1. 明亮
      近义词： brightness
      • 1667, John Milton, “Book III”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版为 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，行号s 372 and 377–381:
        Thee Father firſt they ſung Omnipotent, / […] when thou ſhad'ſt / The full blaze of thy beams, and through a cloud / Drawn round about thee like a radiant Shrine, / Dark with exceſſive bright thy ſkirts appeer, / Yet dazle Heav'n, […]
        （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    2. (比喻义) 华丽，壮丽
      近义词： glory、splendour
  2. (主要用复数) （尤指商品）颜色鲜亮的东西
  3. 人文主义者，信奉自然主义世界观的人
    近义词： humanist、nonsupernaturalist
    反义词： super、supernaturalist
    下位词： atheist
    • 2003 6月 20, Richard Dawkins, “The future looks bright”, 出自 Alan Rusbridger 编, The Guardian‎[2], London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，于22 March 2021归档自原页面:
      Brights constitute 60% of American scientists, and a stunning 93% of those scientists good enough to be elected to the elite National Academy of Sciences (equivalent to Fellows of the Royal Society) are brights.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 2006, Daniel C[lement] Dennett, “Breaking Which Spell?”, 出自 Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon, New York, N.Y.: Viking, →ISBN, part I (Opening Pandora’s Box), section 5 (Religion as a Natural Phenomenon)，页号 27:
      Many of us brights have devoted considerable time and energy at some point in our lives to looking at the arguments for and against the existence of God, and many brights continue to pursue these issues, hacking away vigorously at the arguments of believers as if they were trying to refute a rival scientific theory. But not I.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 2008 April, David Aikman, “The Attack of the Four Horsemen”, 出自 The Delusion of Disbelief: Why the New Atheism is a Threat to Your Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness, Carol Stream, Ill.: SaltRiver, Tyndale House Publishers, →ISBN，页号 28:
      [Richard] Dawkins has received appreciative letters from people who were formerly what he derisively calls "faith-heads" who have abandoned their delusions and come over to the side of the brights, the pleasant green pastures where clear-eyed, brave, bold, and supremely brainy atheists graze contentedly.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  4. (绘画) 本词语需要翻译为汉语。请协助添加，并移除{{rfdef}}模板。

词源 2 编辑

源自中古英语 brighte (“明亮地；（比喻义）极佳地，辉煌地；（指颜色）鲜艳的，清晰地；洪亮地，大声地”) [以及其他形式][4]，源自古英语 breohte、beorhte (西萨克逊) [以及其他形式]，最终源自原始日耳曼语 *berhtaz (“明亮的”)[5]，详见词源 1。

副词 编辑

bright (比较级 more bright，最高级 most bright)

  1. (常书面) 明亮地，照耀地，发光地
    近义词： brightly、glowingly、luminously、lustrously
  2. (比喻义)
    1. (指颜色) 明亮地，鲜艳地
    2. (古旧，指视觉，声音，理解力等) 清晰地
衍生词汇 编辑

词源 3 编辑

源自中古英语 brighten (“照亮；变亮；破晓；（比喻义）净化，纯化；解释，阐明”) [以及其他形式][6]，源自古英语 beorhtian (“照亮，照耀；发声清晰洪亮”) [以及其他形式]，可能源自beorht (“明亮的”, 形容词)（详见词源 1） + -ian (从形容词和名词构成动词的后缀)。该词之后的使用可能亦直接派生自形容词。[7]

动词 编辑

bright (第三人称单数简单现在时 brights，现在分词 brighting，一般过去时及过去分词 brighted) (主，英国方言)

  1. (及物，常后接up) 照亮
  2. (及物，比喻义，常后接up) 使...开心，让...乐观，给...带来活力
    近义词： embrighten、(给...活力) enliven、delight、gladden、(使...开心，取悦) please
    • 1686, J[ohn] Goad, “The Sun, the Great Light, Justly Admired. […]”, 出自 Astro-meteorologica, or, Aphorisms and Large Significant Discourses of the Natures and Influences of the Cœlestial Bodies; […], 2nd版, London: […] O[badiah] B[lagrave] and sold by John Sprint, […], 出版于 1699, →OCLC, book I, § 2，页号 14:
      Toward Mid-day he [the Sun] brighteth the Air into a chearful Saphir, and guildeth the Borders of the very Clouds with a coſtly limbus.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  3. (不及物，亦比喻义) （变得符合形容词的多个义项）
    近义词： brighten
    • 1915, Keith Ringkamp 编, The Patience Worth Record, 卷 I, [Morrisville, N.C.]: Lulu.com, 出版于 2008, →ISBN，页号 238:
      Day brighteth at the smile o' her and yea, He hath aplanted full o' seed for harvesting by thy loving.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
变位 编辑
bright的变位
不定式 (to) bright
现在时 过去式
第一人称单数 bright brighted
第二人称单数 bright, brightest1 brighted, brightedst1
第三人称单数 brights, brighteth1 brighted
复数 bright
虚拟语气 bright
祈使语气 bright —
分词 brighting brighted

1古旧或弃用。

参考资料 编辑

  1. ↑ “bright, adj.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  2. ↑ 对比“bright, adj. and n.”, OED Online  ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2021; “bright, adj. and n.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
  3. ↑ “bright, n.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  4. ↑ “brighte, adv.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  5. ↑ 对比“bright, adv.”, OED Online  ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2020; “bright, adv.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
  6. ↑ “bright, v.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  7. ↑ 对比“bright, v.”, OED Online  ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2020

延伸阅读 编辑

取自“https://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=bright&oldid=7830632”