维基词典

cringe

英语 编辑

词源 编辑

 
A former nun working as a prostitute cringes (sense 1) in terror and remorse before Clement, a Dominican friar, who seeks to help her return to the convent, an episode from Charles Reade’s novel The Cloister and the Hearth (1861).
一个曾是修女的的妓女因恐惧和悔恨而畏缩（词义1）于墙角，其面前是Clement，一个多明我会的修士，其正试图帮助前者返回女修道院。出自Charles Reade所著的一本小说The Cloister and the Hearth（1861年）。[n 1]

动词派生自中古英语 crengen (“高傲地俯身，屈尊”) [以及其他形式]，[1]源自古英语 *crenċan、*crenċġan、*crengan (“使...倒下，使翻转”)，crinċġan (“屈服；畏缩；倒下；死亡”)的使役动词，[2]源自原始日耳曼语 *krangijaną (“使倒下”)，源自原始日耳曼语 *kringaną、*krinkaną (“倒下；翻转；屈服”)（源自原始印欧语 *grenǵʰ- (“翻转”)）+ *-janą (从强变化动词构成“导致某人某物做某事”一意的使役动词)。英语词与丹麦语 krænge (“翻出内侧，使...外翻”)、荷兰语 krengen (“猛然转向”)、低地苏格兰语 crenge、creenge、creinge、crienge (“畏缩，耸肩”)、瑞典语 kränga (“猛然转向；猛然前倾；掷”)和西弗里斯兰语 kringe (“捏；戳；推；坚持，催促”)同源，且是crinkle的同源对似词。

名词[3]和形容词派生自动词。

发音 编辑

动词 编辑

cringe (第三人称单数简单现在时 cringes，现在分词 cringing，一般过去时及过去分词 cringed)

  1. (不及物) 畏缩，退缩
    He cringed as the bird collided with the window.
    那只鸟撞到窗子上，让他[吓得]缩了一下身子。
    • Template:RQ:Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress
    • Template:RQ:Melville Moby-Dick
    • 1860, [John B. Newman], “The Combat”, 出自 Wa-Wa-Wanda: A Legend of Old Orange, New York, N.Y.: Rudd & Carleton, […], →OCLC，页号 28:
      Here the angel ceased, and frowning, / Hurled his heavy gauntlet at him; / Hurled, as best he could, the creature, / Cringing as the Serpent cringeth, / Coiled, and with his crest uplifted; / And then prone upon his belly, / Crawled away upon his belly, [...]
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • Template:RQ:London Jerry
  2. (不及物，比喻义) 畏惧，恐惧，恶心；(引申义)十分尴尬
  3. (不及物) （卑微地）躬身或蹲伏，卑躬屈膝
    • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Loue of Learning; or Ouer-much Study. With a Digression of the Misery of Schollers, and Why the Muses are Melancholy.”, 出自 The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 2, member 3, subsection 15，页号 113:
      [I]f they keepe their wits, yet they are accompted fooles by reaſon of their carriage, becauſe they cannot ride a horſe, which euery Clowne can doe; ſalute and court a Gentlewoman, carue at table, cringe and make congies, which euery common ſwaſher can doe, [...]
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版为 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，行号s 958–961:
      And thou ſly hypocrite, who now wouldſt ſeem / Patron of liberty, who more then thou / Once fawn'd,and cring'd, and ſervilly ador'd / Heav'ns awful Monarch?
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1846, Thomas Cooper, “To the Countess of Blessington”, 出自 The Baron’s Yule Feast: A Christmas-rhyme, London: Jeremiah How, […], →OCLC:
      Lady, receive a tributary lay / 源自one who cringeth not to titled state / Conventional, and lacking will to prate / Of comeliness— [...]
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1891, Edgar Fawcett, “How a Queen Loved”, 出自 Songs of Doubt and Dream: (Poems), New York, N.Y., Toronto, Ont.: Funk & Wagnalls, →OCLC, stanza I，页号 155:
      Humbly thou cringest that with nod of head / Couldst fling me seaward from they steepest cliffs!
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • Template:RQ:London Faith of Men
    • Template:RQ:Du Bois Souls of Black Folk
  4. (不及物，比喻义) 献媚，拍马屁；卑躬屈膝
  5. (及物，弃用) 将...拉近(身体部位)；皱起(脸)
  6. (及物，弃用) 对...点头哈腰；（点头哈腰地）陪同

变位 编辑

cringe的变位
不定式 (to) cringe
现在时 过去式
第一人称单数 cringe cringed
第二人称单数 cringe, cringest1 cringed, cringedst1
第三人称单数 cringes, cringeth1 cringed
复数 cringe
虚拟语气 cringe
祈使语气 cringe —
分词 cringing cringed

1古旧或弃用。

其他形式 编辑

衍生词汇 编辑

参见 编辑

名词 编辑

cringe (可数 和 不可数，复数 cringes)

  1. (可数) 畏缩，退缩
    He glanced with a cringe at the mess on his desk.
    他怯生生地瞥了一眼桌上乱七八糟的东西。
  2. (可数，比喻义) 卑躬屈膝
  3. (可数，英国，方言) 抽筋，痉挛
  4. (不可数，俚语) 尴尬
    There was so much cringe in that episode!
    那一集也太尬了。

形容词 编辑

cringe (比较级 more cringe，最高级 most cringe)

  1. (俚语) 令人尴尬的 (指让人尴尬到不适的)
    近义词： cringemaking、cringeworthy、cringybased、cringy
    反义词： (网络用语) based

注释 编辑

  1. ↑ From Charles Reade (1861), XXXIII, The Cloister and the Hearth: A Tale of the Middle Ages, 卷II (The Autobiography of a Thief), illustrated library版, Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Colonial Press Company, 出版于c. 1900, OCLC 247436795, illustration between pages 312 and 313.

参考资料 编辑

  1. ↑ “crenǧen, v.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  2. ↑ 对比“cringe, v.”, OED Online  ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, November 2010; “cringe, v.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
  3. ↑ “cringe, n.”, OED Online  ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, November 2010; “cringe, n.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.

异序词 编辑

意大利语 编辑

词源 编辑

借自英语 cringe。

名词 编辑

cringe m (无屈折)

  1. (新词) 尴尬

波兰语 编辑

词源 编辑

非同化借词，源自英语 cringe。

发音 编辑

名词 编辑

cringe m 无生

  1. (俚语) 尴尬
    近义词： obciach、przypał、siara

变格 编辑

cringe的变格
单数 复数
主格 cringe cringe'e
属格 cringe'u cringe'ów
与格 cringe'owi cringe'om
宾格 cringe cringe'e
工具格 cringe'em cringe'ami
方位格 cringe'u cringe'ach
呼格 cringe'u cringe'e

延伸阅读 编辑

  • 参见cringe 在 Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN 中的内容
  • 参见波兰语词典PWN上有关cringe的内容

西班牙语 编辑

词源 编辑

借自英语 cringe。

名词 编辑

cringe m (复数 cringe)

  1. (新词) 尴尬

形容词 编辑

cringe (无屈折)

  1. (新词) 令人尴尬的
取自“https://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=cringe&oldid=7780500”