addle

英語

發音

• 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈæ.dəl/

• 音頻 (美式)：

  (檔案)

• 韻部：-ædəl

詞源1

源自中古英語 addlen, adlen ← 古英語 edlēan (“回報，報酬”), edlēanian (“回報，報酬”)；或源自古諾爾斯語 ǫðlask (“得到，擁有”) ← ōðal (“財產”)。

動詞

addle (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 addles，現在分詞 addling，一般過去時及過去分詞 addled)

1. (英格蘭北部) 掙
   • 1818, Samuel Johnson with H[enry] J[ohn] Todd, A Dictionary of the English Language; in which the Words are Deduced from their Originals; and Illustrated in their Different Significations, by Examples from the Best Writers: Together with a History of the Language, and an English Grammar. By Samuel Johnson LL D. With Numerous Corrections, and with the Addition of Several Thousand Words, and also with Additions to the History of the Language, and to the Grammar, by the Rev. H. J. Todd [...] In Four Volumes‎^[1], 第 IV 卷, London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC:

     To ADDLE† v. n. Dr. Johnson calls this word obsolete. Mr. Boucher defines it "to earn by working," and considers it as a Yorkshire, Staffordshire, Cumberland, and Cheshire word; derived from the Sax. æðlean, or eðlean, merces, retributio, renumeratio, whence also addlings, wages received for work. A gentleman has informed me, that in Nottinghamshire, and throughout the north, with some variation of sound, addle and addlings are now in use. He has also obligingly explained the use of the word by [Thomas] Tusser, whom Dr. Johnson cites. "Ivy will so embrace a tree as not only to prevent its encrease, but to kill it. Tusser therefore advises to kill the ivy, or the tree will not addle, that is, will not earn or produce any other profit to its owner."

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 1855, "An inhabitant" [pseudonym; Francis Kildale Robinson], A Glossary of Yorkshire Words and Phrases, Collected in Whitby and the Neighbourhood. With Examples of their Colloquial Use, and Allusions to Local Customs and Traditions, London: John Russell Smith, 36, Soho Square, →OCLC，第 2 頁:

     ADDLINGS, wages. "Poor addlings," small pay for work. "Hard addlings," money laboriously acquired. "Saving's good addling," as the well known saying, "a penny saved is a penny gained."

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 1862, anonymous [C. Clough Robinson], The Dialect of Leeds and Its Neighbourhood, London: John Russell Smith，第 233 頁:

     ADDLE. To earn. "It's weel-addled" – well-earned. "Addle nowt an' ware at t' end on 't, an' tha'll soin ha' to leuk rarnd t' corners." – Earn nothing and spend hard, and you'll soon come to poverty.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2. (英格蘭北部) 繁盛，成熟
   • (我們能否確認Thomas Tusser引文的時間，或提供標題、作者全名和其他詳情？)

     Kill ivy, else tree will addle no more.

詞源2

源自中古英語 adel (“腐爛的”) ← 古英語 adel, adela (“泥潭，水池，液肥”) ← 原始日耳曼語 *adalaz, *adalô (“牛糞，液肥”)。類似低地蘇格蘭語 adill, 北弗里斯蘭語 ethel (“尿”), 薩特弗里斯蘭語 adel (“糞便”), 中古低地德語 adele (“泥，液肥”) (荷蘭語 aal (“水窪”)), 古瑞典語 adel (“尿”)，巴伐利亞語 Adel (“液肥”)。

形容詞

addle (比較級 more addle，最高級 most addle)

1. 腐爛的

   addle eggs

   壞掉的蛋

2. 〈引〉 困惑的，糊塗的

   addle brains

   混亂的腦

派生詞

派生詞

• addle-brain
• addleheaded
• addleness

• addlepated
• addle plot

名詞

addle (複數 addles)

1. 〈旧〉 液肥；泥潭
2. 〈方〉 殘渣

動詞

addle (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 addles，現在分詞 addling，一般過去時及過去分詞 addled)

1. 使糊塗
   • (我們能否確認William Cowper引文的時間，或提供標題、作者全名和其他詳情？)

     Their eggs were addled.

   • 2000, Quentin Skinner, “The Adviser to Princes”, in Nigel Warburton; Jon Pike; Derek Matravers, Reading Political Philosophy: Machiavelli to Mill, Abingdon, Oxon.: Routledge in association with The Open University, 978-0-415-21196-3, page 30:

     [Niccolò] Machiavelli had received an early lesson in the value of addling men's brains. […] [A] talent for addling men's brains is part of the armoury of any successful prince […] .

2. 不破壞殼而使受精的卵失活
   • 1980, Earl Leitritz with Robert C[onklin] Lewis, Trout and Salmon Culture (Hatchery Methods) [California Fish Bulletin; 164], Oakland, Calif.: University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, →ISBN，第 61 頁:

     The term shocking or addling trout and salmon eggs is applied to the process of turning the infertile eggs white so they can be separated from the fertile ones. Actually, this amounts to nothing more than agitating the eggs enough to rupture the yolk membrane in the infertile eggs, which causes them to turn white.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

名詞

addle (複數 addles)

1. 遲鈍者

異序詞

• daled, dedal, laded