addle

英语

发音

• 国际音标^(帮助): /ˈæ.dəl/

• 音频 (美式)：

  (档案)

• 韵部：-ædəl

词源1

源自中古英语 addlen, adlen ← 古英语 edlēan (“回报，报酬”), edlēanian (“回报，报酬”)；或源自 ← ōðal (“财产”)。

动词

addle (第三人称单数简单现在时 addles，现在分词 addling，一般过去时及过去分词 addled)

1. (英格兰北部) 挣
   • 1818, Samuel Johnson with H[enry] J[ohn] Todd, A Dictionary of the English Language; in which the Words are Deduced from their Originals; and Illustrated in their Different Significations, by Examples from the Best Writers: Together with a History of the Language, and an English Grammar. By Samuel Johnson LL D. With Numerous Corrections, and with the Addition of Several Thousand Words, and also with Additions to the History of the Language, and to the Grammar, by the Rev. H. J. Todd [...] In Four Volumes‎^[1], 第 IV 卷, London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC:

     To ADDLE† v. n. Dr. Johnson calls this word obsolete. Mr. Boucher defines it "to earn by working," and considers it as a Yorkshire, Staffordshire, Cumberland, and Cheshire word; derived from the Sax. æðlean, or eðlean, merces, retributio, renumeratio, whence also addlings, wages received for work. A gentleman has informed me, that in Nottinghamshire, and throughout the north, with some variation of sound, addle and addlings are now in use. He has also obligingly explained the use of the word by [Thomas] Tusser, whom Dr. Johnson cites. "Ivy will so embrace a tree as not only to prevent its encrease, but to kill it. Tusser therefore advises to kill the ivy, or the tree will not addle, that is, will not earn or produce any other profit to its owner."

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 1855, "An inhabitant" [pseudonym; Francis Kildale Robinson], A Glossary of Yorkshire Words and Phrases, Collected in Whitby and the Neighbourhood. With Examples of their Colloquial Use, and Allusions to Local Customs and Traditions, London: John Russell Smith, 36, Soho Square, →OCLC，第 2 页:

     ADDLINGS, wages. "Poor addlings," small pay for work. "Hard addlings," money laboriously acquired. "Saving's good addling," as the well known saying, "a penny saved is a penny gained."

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 1862, anonymous [C. Clough Robinson], The Dialect of Leeds and Its Neighbourhood, London: John Russell Smith，第 233 页:

     ADDLE. To earn. "It's weel-addled" – well-earned. "Addle nowt an' ware at t' end on 't, an' tha'll soin ha' to leuk rarnd t' corners." – Earn nothing and spend hard, and you'll soon come to poverty.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

2. (英格兰北部) 繁盛，成熟
   • (我们能否确认Thomas Tusser引文的时间，或提供标题、作者全名和其他详情？)

     Kill ivy, else tree will addle no more.

词源2

源自中古英语 adel (“腐烂的”) ← 古英语 adel, adela (“泥潭，水池，液肥”) ← 原始日耳曼语 *adalaz, *adalô (“牛粪，液肥”)。类似低地苏格兰语 adill, 北弗里斯兰语 ethel (“尿”), 萨特弗里斯兰语 adel (“粪便”), 中古低地德语 adele (“泥，液肥”) (荷兰语 aal (“水洼”)), 古瑞典语 adel (“尿”)，巴伐利亚语 Adel (“液肥”)。

形容词

addle (比较级 more addle，最高级 most addle)

1. 腐烂的

   addle eggs

   坏掉的蛋

2. 〈引〉 困惑的，糊涂的

   addle brains

   混乱的脑

派生词

派生词

• addle-brain
• addleheaded
• addleness

• addlepated
• addle plot

名词

addle (复数 addles)

1. 〈旧〉 液肥；泥潭
2. 〈方〉 残渣

动词

addle (第三人称单数简单现在时 addles，现在分词 addling，一般过去时及过去分词 addled)

1. 使糊涂
   • (我们能否确认William Cowper引文的时间，或提供标题、作者全名和其他详情？)

     Their eggs were addled.

   • 2000, Quentin Skinner, “The Adviser to Princes”, in Nigel Warburton; Jon Pike; Derek Matravers, Reading Political Philosophy: Machiavelli to Mill, Abingdon, Oxon.: Routledge in association with The Open University, 978-0-415-21196-3, page 30:

     [Niccolò] Machiavelli had received an early lesson in the value of addling men's brains. […] [A] talent for addling men's brains is part of the armoury of any successful prince […] .

2. 不破坏壳而使受精的卵失活
   • 1980, Earl Leitritz with Robert C[onklin] Lewis, Trout and Salmon Culture (Hatchery Methods) [California Fish Bulletin; 164], Oakland, Calif.: University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, →ISBN，第 61 页:

     The term shocking or addling trout and salmon eggs is applied to the process of turning the infertile eggs white so they can be separated from the fertile ones. Actually, this amounts to nothing more than agitating the eggs enough to rupture the yolk membrane in the infertile eggs, which causes them to turn white.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

名词

addle (复数 addles)

1. 迟钝者

异序词

• daled, dedal, laded