维基词典

endow

英语

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词源

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源自晚期中古英語 endowen、endouen、enduen、indouen、indw (“给...钱财，生计或特权；授予；（比喻义）有利于；赋予”)[1]，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 endouer，源自古法語 en- (“进入”之意的后缀) + douer (“授予”)（源自拉丁語 dōtāre（dōtō (“授予”)的现在主动不定式），现代法語 douer）。[2] dōtō又源自dōs (“彩礼；捐赠，赠礼”)（最终源自原始印歐語 *deh₃- (“给”)） + -ō (构成规则第一类变位动词的后缀)。

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动词

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endow (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 endows，現在分詞 endowing，一般過去時及過去分詞 endowed)

  1. (及物) 赠送，赠与，捐赠
    • Template:RQ:Speed Historie of Great Britaine
    • 1713, Gilbert Lord Bishop of Sarum [i.e., Gilbert Burnet], “The Additional Chapter. Chap. X. Of Presentations to Benefices, and Simony”, 出自 The New Preface and Additional Chapter to the Third Edition of the Pastoral Care. […], London: Printed for D. Midwinter […], and B. Cowse […]; [a]nd sold by A. Baldwin […], →OCLC，第 27–28 頁s:
      Men began to build Churches on their own Grounds, at their own Charges, and to endow theſe; and they were naturally the Maſters, and in the true Signification of the Roman word, the Patrons of them.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1841 February–November, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge”, 出自 Master Humphrey’s Clock, 第 III 卷, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, chapter 20，第 46 頁:
      Finding her quite incorrigible in this respect, Emma suffered her to depart; but not before she had confided to her that important and never-sufficiently-to-be-taken-care-of answer, and endowed her moreover with a pretty little bracelet as a keepsake.
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    • 1999, Rupert Graf Strachwitz, “Foundations in Germany and Their Revival in East Germany after 1989”, 出自 Private Funds, Public Purpose: Philanthropic Foundations in International Perspective (Nonprofit and Civil Society Studies), New York, N.Y.: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, →ISBN，第 232 頁:
      The blessing of private initiative for public affairs is destined to be appreciated more deeply. Empty government coffers and a regular exchange of views with experts from all over the world add impetus, even if concepts developed indigenously sometimes still lack a realistic approach to the vital issue of endowing and funding new foundations.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  2. (及物，后接with，或罕见地接of) 使...配备，赋予
    近義詞：begift
    • [c. 1471, John Fortescue, “Here is Shewid, What off the Kynges Livelod Geven awey, mey Beste be Taken a Geyn”, 出自 Charles Plummer 編, The Governance of England: Otherwise Called The Difference between an Absolute and a Limited Monarchy […] (語言：中古英語), London: Oxford University Press; Humphrey Milford, 出版於 1885 (1926 printing), →OCLC，第 135 頁:
      Wherby we bith lerned þat it shalnot only be goode to owre prince, but also to vs selff, that he be well indowed; ffor ellis the patriarke wolde not haue made such a trety.
      Whereby we have learned that it shall not only be good to our prince, but also to ourselves, that he be well endowed; for else the patriarch would not have made such a treaty.]
    • 1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book II, Canto III”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 25，第 225 頁:
      Vpon her eyelids many Graces ſate, / Vnder the ſhadow of her euen browes, / VVorking belgardes [beautiful looks], and amorous retrate [portrait], / And euerie one her with a grace endowes: […]
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    • 1599, The First Booke of the Preservation of King Henry the Vij. when He was but Earle of Richmond, Grandfather to the Queenes Maiesty: […], imprinted at London: By R. B. […], →OCLC; 再版為 J[ohn] P[ayne] C[ollier] 編, The First Booke of the Preservation of King Henry the Vij. […] (Illustrations of Old English Literature; no. 11), [London?: s.n.], 1866, →OCLC，第 31 頁:
      Father Omnipotent, our Lord and only Redeemer, / […] with thy grace my ſpirit endow: […]
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1637, John Sym, “The Self-murderers Motives to Kill Themselves”, 出自 Lifes Preservative against Self-killing. Or, A Vsefvl Treatise Concerning Life and Self-murder; […], London: Printed by M[iles] Flesher, for R[obert] Dawlman, and L[uke] Fawne, […], →OCLC, §4 (Of Misunderstood Scripture Perverting the Iudgement; and the Remedy thereof)，第 199 頁:
      Firſt, it is needfull that we be indowed with humility of ſpirit, that denying our owne ſelves and carnall reaſon, wee may ſubmit to take ſuch ſence and meaning of the Scripture, as it of it ſelfe affords, with the aſſiſtance of the helps of the Church; and not to impoſe upon it any ſenſe of our owne making; […]
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    • 1811, Benjamin Stillingfleet, 章號 VIII, 出自 W[illiam] Coxe 編, Literary Life and Select Works of Benjamin Stillingfleet, […], 第 I (Literary Life) 卷, London: Printed by J[ames] Nichols and Son, […]; for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […], →OCLC，第 119 頁:
      [A]midst so many vicissitudes of fortune to which I have been exposed, amongst all the goods and evils, the joyful and gloomy, the pleasing and disagreeable circumstances of life, thou [God] endowest me with an equal, constant, manly, and superior spirit on every occasion.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • Template:RQ:Mary Shelley Frankenstein
    • Template:RQ:Hawthorne Marble Faun
    • 1890年10月13日, James Gibbons, “Introduction”, 出自 James Jeffrey Roche, 編者Mrs. John Boyle O’Reilly [i.e., Mary Agnes Murphy], Life of John Boyle O’Reilly, […] Together with His Complete Poems and Speeches, New York, N.Y.: Cassell Publishing Company, […], 出版於 1891, →OCLC，第 vi 頁:
      Thus was he [John Boyle O'Reilly] fitted to fulfill worthily the vocation of a poet. For it is not aimlessly that Divine Providence endows a human being with qualities so exceptional and exalted.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1993, H. Zghal, D. R. Strong, “A Perspective on the Use of Sensors in Robot Materials Handling”, 出自 M. B. Zaremba 編, Information Control Problems in Manufacturing Technology 1992: Selected Papers from the 7th IFAC/IFIP/IFORS/IMACS/ISPE Symposium, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 25–28 May 1992 (IFAC Symposia Series), Oxford, Oxfordshire: Published for the International Federation of Automatic Control by Pergamon Press, →ISBN，第 129 頁，第 2 列:
      [P]roper use of sensory feedback is required to grant the industrial robot the required sensing capabilities and to endow it with the intelligence needed for detecting and adjusting to environmental disturbances.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 2005, Maurice H. P. M. van Putten, “Superluminal Motion in the Quasar 3C273”, 出自 Gravitational Radiation, Luminous Black Holes, and Gamma-ray Burst Supernovae, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN，第 1 頁:
      General relativity endows spacetime with a causal structure described by observer-invariant light cones. […] Points inside a light cone are causally connected with its vertex, while points outside the same light cone are out-of-causal contact with its vertex.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 2015, Michael C[harles] Corballis, “Wandering into Other Minds”, 出自 The Wandering Mind: What the Brain Does when You’re Not Looking, Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, →DOI, →ISBN，第 77 頁:
      Just as we may endow people with physical properties, so we sometimes endow physical objects with human-like personalities or subjective states. Perhaps because of their capacity for interior accommodation, cars, ships, airplanes and even houses are often given female characteristics or referred to as 'she'.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 2016年4月7日, Peter Bradshaw, “Dheepan review – a crime drama packed with epiphanic grandeur”, 出自 Katharine Viner 編, The Guardian‎[1], London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，於30 December 2018歸檔自原頁面:
      It's bulging with giant confidence and packed with outbursts of that mysterious epiphanic grandeur, like moments of sunlight breaking through cloud-cover, with which [Jacques] Audiard endows apparently normal sequences and everyday details.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 2023年3月22日, Philip Haigh, “Five configuration stages to boost Manchester rail capacity”, 出自 RAIL, 第 979 期，第 31 頁:
      Historic England explained the listing: "The station's unique design employs a high level of sophistication and innovation through its use of conoid shells supported on a cruck-like frame, which not only create a dramatic aesthetic form, but endow the building with a light and spacious interior."
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  3. (及物，一般使用被动) 与生俱来地拥有
    近義詞：bless、gift
    She was endowed with a beautiful voice.
    她天生一副好听的嗓音。
  4. (及物，古舊或棄用) 给...逝世丈夫的遗产 （寡妇）；给...嫁妆 （新娘） （参见dower和dowry）
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 22:16–17，第 1 列:
      And if a man entice a maide that is not betrothed, and lie with her, he ſhall ſurely endow her to be his wife. If her father utterly refuſe to giue her vnto him, he ſhall pay money according to the dowrie of virgins.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • Template:RQ:Coke Institutes
    • Template:RQ:Blackstone Commentaries
    • 1823, Peter Lovelass, Niel Gow, “Of the Descent of Real Estates, or Estates of Inheritance. […]”, 出自 The Law’s Disposal of a Person’s Estate who Dies without Will or Testament. […], 11th版, London: Printed for R. Pheney, Charles Hunter, J. and W. T. Clarke, and H[enry] Butterworth, →OCLC, section II (How the Law Disposes of a Wife’s Real Estate; […])，第 125 頁:
      A widow may be endowed of all her husband's lands, tenements, and hereditaments, corporeal or incorporeal, under the restrictions before-mentioned, unless there be some special reason to the contrary. Thus, a woman shall not be endowed of a castle built for defence of the realm, because it ought not to be divided. But of a castle that is only for the private use and habitation of the owner, a woman shall be endowed.
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参考资料

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  1. ↑ “endǒuen, v.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  2. ↑ 对比“endow, v.”，OED Online  ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，1891年; “endow, v.”，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.

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来自“https://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=endow&oldid=8462699”