维基词典

forlorn

英语

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A 1959 photograph of a forlorn boy (sense 2) mourning the sinking of his model boat in New Brighton, Cheshire, England, UK
一名因为自己模型船沉到水里而悲伤的可怜（义项2）男孩。摄于英国柴郡纽布莱顿，1959年。

词源

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源自中古英語 forlorn、forloren，源自古英語 forloren（forlēosan (“丢失”)的过去分词），源自原始日耳曼語 *fraluzanaz (“遗失的”)，原始日耳曼語 *fraleusaną (“丢失”)的过去分词，等价于for- +‎ lorn。同源词有西弗里斯蘭語 ferlern (“丢失的”)、薩特弗里斯蘭語 ferlädden (“丢失的”)、荷蘭語 verloren (“丢失的”)、德國低地德語 verloren (“丢失的”)、德語 verloren (“丢失的”)、瑞典語 förlorad (“丢失的”)。还见lese/leese、lorn。

发音

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  • 英語發音：fər-lôrnʹ, fôr-lôrnʹ
  • (標準英音) 國際音標(幫助): /fəˈlɔːn/, /fɔːˈlɔːn/
  • (通用美式) 國際音標(幫助): /fɚˈlɔɹn/, /fɔɹˈlɔɹn/
  • （通用美式）音频：(檔案)
  • （澳洲）音频：(檔案)
  • 韻部：-ɔː(ɹ)n
  • 斷字：for‧lorn

形容词

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forlorn (比較級 forlorner 或 more forlorn，最高級 forlornest 或 most forlorn)

  1. 被抛弃的，被遗弃的
  2. 可悲的，（尤指因被遗弃而）可怜的
    近義詞：forsaken
  3. 绝望的，无望的，希望渺茫的
    • 1625, James Ussher, “Of Traditions”, 出自 An Ansvver to a Challenge Made by a Iesuite in Ireland. Wherein the Iudgment of Antiquity in the Points Questioned, is Truly Delivered, and the Noveltie of the Now Romish Doctrine Plainely Discovered by Iames Vssher bishop of Meath. Whereunto is Added a Sermon Preached before His Majesty at Wansted, by the Same Author, London: Printed [by Humphrey Lownes] for the Society of Stationers, →OCLC; republished in C[harles] R[ichard] Elrington 編, The Whole Works of the Most Rev. James Ussher, D.D. Lord Archbishop of Armagh, and Primate of All Ireland, 第 III 卷, Dublin: Hodges & Smith; London: Whittaker & Co., [1831], →OCLC，第 41 頁:
      To begin therefore with Traditions, which is your forlorn hope that in the first place we are to set upon: this must I needs tell you before we begin, that you much mistake the matter, if you think that traditions of all sorts promiscuously are struck at by our religion.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • Template:RQ:Dickens Tale of Two Cities
    • 1859, Mowbray Thomson, 章號 VII, 出自 The Story of Cawnpore, London: Richard Bentley, New Burlington Street, publisher in ordinary to Her Majesty, →OCLC，第 119–120 頁s:
      Mrs. Blair had lost her husband, who was a cavalry officer, in Cabool, at the memorable Khyber Pass; but as no precise tidings of his death had every been received, she cherished the forlorn hope that he was still living in captivity among the Affghans, and that some day it would be her happiness yet to be reunited with him, even on earth.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 2022年1月12日, Benedict le Vay, “The heroes of Soham...”, 出自 RAIL, 第 948 期，第 42 頁:
      Now he rushed to the platform edge carrying a full fire bucket, in a forlorn attempt to douse the flames as the now brightly burning wagon rolled past.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

其他形式

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衍生词汇

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相关词汇

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名词

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forlorn (複數 forlorns) (軍事)

  1. 敢死队，决死队
    近義詞：forlorn hope
    • 1659, Richard Elton, “Severall Firings to be Performed upon the Former Figure, and how to be Mannaged by the Severall Officers”, 出自 The Compleat Body of the Art Military: Exactly Compiled, and Gradually Composed for the Foot, in the Best Refined Manner, According to the Practice of the Modern Times. [...], 2nd版, London: Printed by R[obert] and W[illiam] Leybourn, in Monkswel-Street, in Lambes Chappel neer Criplegate, →OCLC, book III，第 152 頁:
      The Regiment being drawn up into the former Figure, they may proceed to Firings upon it, firſt let the Forlorns fire five or six times over, being commanded by the eldeſt Captains Lieutenant, who is to be aſſiſted by a couple of able Serjeants; after let him wheel off to the right and left, and bring them down in the Reer of the Pikes. Then let the ſecond Captains Lieutenant being aſſiſted by two Serjeants lead up the reſerves by the out-ſide of the Pikes, at ſuch time when the Forlorns begin to come off, […]
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1765, [Thomas] Hutchinson, “[Appendix.] Number XXI. Major Walley’s Journal in the Expedition against Canada in 1692. A Narrative of the Proceedings to Canada, soe far as Concerned the Land Army.”, 出自 The History of the Colony of Massachuset’s Bay，源自the First Settlement thereof in 1628, until Its Incorporation with the Colony of Plimouth, Province of Main, &c. by the Charter of King William and Queen Mary, in 1691, 2nd版, London: Printed for M. Richardson, in Pater-noster Row, →OCLC，第 556 頁:
      […] I ordered the forlorns to advance and to march, at their open order, towards the upland, and by this time the tide was upon the ground wee ſtood on: The forlorn were no ſooner advanced a few rods, before there was firing on both ſides; […]
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1782, “a Shropshire gentleman” [i.e., Daniel Defoe], “Memoirs of a Cavalier, &c. Part Second.”, 出自 E. Staveley 編, The History of the Civil Wars in Germany, from the Year 1630 to 1635: Also Genuine Memoirs of the Wars of England, in the Unhappy Reign of Charles the First; Containing the Whole History of Those Miserable Times; until the King Lost His Head on the Scaffold, in the Memorable Year 1648, Newark, Nottinghamshire: Printed by James Tomlinson, for the publisher, →OCLC，第 339 頁:
      I was this day in the van, and our forlorn having entered Huntingdon without any great reſiſtance till they came to the bridge, finding it barricaded, they ſent me word; I cauſed the troops to halt, and rode up to the forlorn, to view the countenance of the enemy, and found by the poſture they had put themſelves in, that they reſolved to ſell us the paſſage as dear as they could.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1861, Evert A[ugustus] Duyckinck, “Henry Lee”, 出自 National Portrait Gallery of Eminent Americans: Including Orators, Statesmen, Naval and Military Heroes, Jurists, Authors, etc., etc., from the Original Full Length Paintings by Alonzo Chappel。With Biographical and Historical Narratives, [...] In Two Volumes, 第 I 卷, New York, N.Y.: Johnson, Fry & Company, 27 Beekman Street, →OCLC，第 236 頁:
      The garrison, taken by surprise, had the first intelligence of the assault in the "forlorns plunging into the canal."
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  2. 敢死队队员

动词

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forlorn

  1. (棄用) forlese 的過去時分詞。

延伸阅读

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来自“https://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=forlorn&oldid=8462744”