arduous

英语

词源

源自拉丁语 arduus (“高耸的，险峻的，难以企及的，困难的，费事的”)，与爱尔兰语 ard (“高的”)有关。

发音

• (标准英音) 国际音标^(帮助): /ˈɑːdjuːəs/, /ˈɑːd͡ʒuːəs/
• (美国) 国际音标^(帮助): /ˈɑːɹd͡ʒuəs/

• （美国）音频：

  (档案)

形容词

arduous (比较级 more arduous，最高级 most arduous)

1. 艰苦的，艰难的

   The movement towards a peaceful settlement has been a long and arduous political struggle.

   这个和平解决争端的努力是一场费时费力的政治斗争。

   • 2012年5月5日, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool”, 出自 BBC Sport‎^[1]:

     Chelsea survived and can now turn their attentions to the Champions League final against Bayern Munich in Germany later this month as they face an increasingly arduous task to finish in the Premier League's top four.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 有关使用本词的更多用例，请参阅Citations:arduous。
2. (弃用) 炙热的
   • 1805-1814, Dante, Henry Francis Cary (translator), The Divine Comedy

     Where flames the arduous Spirit of Isidore.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

3. （因陡峭，险峻等）难以越过的
   • 1974, Sue Bowder, The American biking atlas & touring guide，第 77 页:

     Beyond the river, an arduous slope rises 3286 feet in 13 miles.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 1999, Scott Ciencin, Mike Fredericks, Dinoverse:

     Mike looked up from the arduous mountain trail. They'd been climbing for five hours and he was beginning to feel irritable.

   • 2006, Jack W. Plunkett, Plunkett's Entertainment & Media Industry Almanac 2006:

     Survivor reaches as many as 28 million viewers who watch contestants win a new Pontiac or guzzle Mountain Dew after scaling an arduous cliff.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 有关使用本词的更多用例，请参阅Citations:arduous。

近义词

• burdensome、demanding、exhausting、fatiguing、laborious、onerous、strenuous、strugglesome、wearisome

衍生词汇

• arduousness

相关词汇

• arduity

延伸阅读

• “arduous”，Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary，Springfield, Mass.：G. & C. Merriam，1913年，OCLC 800618302
• “arduous”，The Century Dictionary […]，New York, N.Y.：The Century Co.，1911，OCLC 867766587
• OneLook 在线词典 上有关 arduous 的释义