brazen

英语

其他形式

• brasen

词源

An Ashanti brass figurine of a leopard from Kroform, a small village in the Ashanti Region、Ashantiland, Ghana
来自加纳阿散蒂王国阿散蒂地区的一个小镇Kroform的黄铜豹子像

源自中古英语 brasen，源自古英语 bræsen (“黄铜的”)，等价于brass +‎ -en（对比golden）。

原意为“黄铜的”，动词的比喻义（brazen it out (“放肆”)）追溯至16世纪50年代（可能源自“脸像黄铜一样不见羞耻”），形容词义“厚颜无耻的”源自16世纪70年代。对比bold as brass。

发音

• 英语发音：brāzʹn, 国际音标^(帮助): /ˈbɹeɪzən/

• 音频 (RP)：

  (档案)

• 音频（通用美式）：

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• 音频（澳式）：

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• 韵部：-eɪzən
• 断字：braz‧en

形容词

brazen (比较级 more brazen，最高级 most brazen)

1. (古旧) 黄铜的
   • 1786, Francis Grose, Military Antiquities Respecting a History of the English Army, from the Conquest to the Present Time, London: Printed for S. Hooper […], OCLC 745209064; republished as Military Antiquities Respecting a History of the English Army, from the Conquest to the Present Time, volume II, new [2nd] edition with material additions and improvements, London: Printed for T[homas] Egerton, […]; & G. Kearsley, […], 1801, OCLC 435979550, page 262:

     Brazen or rather copper swords seem to have been next introduced; these in process of time, workmen learned to harden by the addition of some other metal or mineral, which rendered them almost equal in temper to iron.

   • 1836, [Harvey Newcomb], The Brazen Serpent: Being a Simple Illustration of Faith Drawn from Scripture History. […], Philadelphia, Pa.: American Sunday-School Union, […], →OCLC，第 40–41 页s:

     And Moses made a brass image of the fiery serpents, and put it up on a pole, where all the people could see it; and when any one was bitten, he could look upon the brazen serpent, and was cured.

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   • 1859年5月2日, X. X. X. [pseudonym], “Looking at Lodgings”, 出自 The Ragged School Union Magazine, 第 IX 卷, London: Ragged School Union, […]; Partridge & Co., […], →OCLC，第 91 页:

     The women, stout, strong, brazen-faced creatures, in most cases looked able to thrash any of the partners with whom they consorted.

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   • Template:RQ:Burroughs Gods of Mars
   • 1952, Norman Lewis, Golden Earth:

     Through the brazen hours that followed high noon, we crept onwards through a tunnel of glittering verdure.

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2. 响亮的，刺耳的
   • 1697, Virgil; John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. Translated into English Verse; […], London: Printed for Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 839376905; republished as The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. Translated into English Verse by Mr. Dryden. In Three Volumes, volume III, 5th edition, London: Printed by Jacob Tonson […], 1721, OCLC 181805247, book IX, page 822, lines 667–670:

     And now the Trumpets terribly from far, / With rattling Clangor, rouze the sleepy War. / The Souldiers Shouts succeed the Brazen Sounds, / And Heav'n，源自Pole to Pole, the Noise rebounds.

   • 2001, R[alph] N[ixon] Currey, “The Horn”, 出自 Collected Poems, Oxford: James Currey; Cape Town: David Philip Publishers, →ISBN，第 246 页:

     Often a traveller, when the air is quiet, / Will make the night reverberate with this riot / Of brazen sounds, whose singing cadence swells / The harmony of bleating and lambs' bells.

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3. (古旧) 坚不可摧的；坚定的
   • 1870, The Sunday at Home: A Family Magazine for Sabbath Reading, 第 XVII 卷, London: Religious Tract Society, →OCLC，第 587 页:

     The giant [Goliath] was thus conquered by the youth [David]; the man-at-arms by the unarmed; the stone of the shepherd pierced the brazen defences of the warrior.

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   • 2015, Bertolt Brecht, “Frank Wedekind”, 出自 Brecht on Theatre, 3rd rev. and updated版, London, New York, N.Y.: Bloomsbury Methuen Drama, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN，第 19 页:

     In the autumn, when a small group of us heard him [Frank Wedekind] read from Heracles, his last work, I was amazed at his brazen energy. For two and a half hours without stopping, without once lowering his voice (and what a strong, brazen voice it was), barely pausing for breath for even a moment between acts, bent motionless over the table, he read – half from memory – those verses wrought in brass, looking deep into the eyes of each of his listeners in turn.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

4. 恬不知耻的，厚颜无耻的 （自16世纪70年代）

   She was brazen enough to deny stealing the handbag even though she was caught on closed-circuit television doing so.

   她脸皮厚到被监控拍到偷手提包了还拒不承认。

   • 1993, Karla Hocker, A Deceitful Heart (Zebra Regency Romance), New York, N.Y.: Zebra Books, Kensington Books, →ISBN:

     He looked at her for a long moment. Slowly, a smile lit in his eyes. "Never a shrew. A fighter and a brazen hussy." / Placing a finger beneath her chin, he tilted her face up. "And, I'd say, you're the only brazen hussy who blushes." / A brazen hussy. She should be offended. But the smile in his eyes, the touch of his finger moving slowly and feather-light from chin to throat and along the sensitive skin of her neck made it impossible to concentrate on rebuke.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 2012, Michelle West, Skirmish: A House War Novel (DAW Books Collectors; no. 1571), New York, N.Y.: DAW Books, →ISBN:

     If one had to lie at all, the brazen lie was better because brazen lies were so outrageous many people failed to question them.

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衍生词汇

• brazen age
• brazen bull
• brazenface
• brazen-faced
• brazen sea
• brazenly
• brazenness

参见

• effrontery

动词

brazen (第三人称单数简单现在时 brazens，现在分词 brazening，一般过去时及过去分词 brazened)

1. (不及物) 变黄铜色
   • 1986, Quarterly Journal of Ideology: QJI, 第 10 卷, [Tahlequah, Okla.]: QJI Editorial Board, →ISSN，第 93 页:

     [...] the meadows roughen, grow gutteral / with goldenrod, milkweed's late-summer lilac, / cat-tails, the wild lily brazening, / dooryards overflowing in late, rough-headed bloom: [...]

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

2. (及物，常后接out或through) 厚着脸皮做 （自16世纪50年代）
   • 1656, John Trapp, “A Commentary or Exposition upon the Gospel According to St. Matthew”, 出自 A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the New Testament. […], 2nd enlarged版, London: Printed by R. W. and are to be sold by Nath. Ekins, […], →OCLC，第 274 页:

     And though the word doth eat up all they can ſay, as Moſes rod did: yet they harden their hearts with Pharaoh, they brazen their brows with him in the text, that ſaid I will not: Nay ſaid the Iſraelites, but we will have a King. [Commentary on Matthew 21:29.]

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 1832 November, “Noctes Ambrosianæ. No. LXIV.”, 出自 Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, 第 XXXII 卷, 第 CCI 期, Edinburgh: William Blackwood, […]; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC，第 870 页:

     His impudence is only less than his ignorance, in referring his questioner to [John] Milton, in proof of the scriptural angels being celestial women. That gentleman mildly remarks, "Milton's angels are not Ladies." Instead of blushing, he brazens it out, and replies, "No—but some scriptural angels are Ladies—I believe"—shewing that he is as ignorant of his Bible as of Milton.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • Template:RQ:Black Sabina Zembra
   • 1949, Robert Graves, “Modernist Poetry (with Laura Riding, 1926)”, 出自 The Common Asphodel, Collected Essays on Poetry, 1922–1949, London: Hamish Hamilton, →OCLC，第 151 页:

     [T]he historically minded modernist poet is uncertain whether there is any excuse at all for the existence of poets. He brazens out the dilemma by making cruel jokes at his own expense—jokes which he expects no one to see or to laugh at if seen.

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   • 2007, Jennifer Brice, “Blue Storm”, 出自 Unlearning to Fly, Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN，第 169 页:

     [...] I've come to rely on a mental technique that I call powering through. [...] It's equivalent to brazening out an awkward social situation—accidentally squeezing the butt of a stranger wearing the same costume as your boyfriend at a Halloween party, say. Powering through or brazening out is almost always what I end up doing, but only after stifling my initial impulse to surrender or sink through the floor.

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   • 2008, Charles W. Sasser, God in the Foxhole: Inspiring True Stories of Miracles on the Battlefield, New York, N.Y.: Threshold Editions、Simon & Schuster, →ISBN:

     The drivers of the 507s Lost Convoy knew they were in a world of deep fecal matter. Could they brazen a path through the city once more and pick up Route Blue on the other side? Or would this morning's chain of unfortunate events finally catch up with them?

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

衍生词汇

• brazen it out