维基词典

desideratum

参见：desiderátum

英语

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词源

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古典借词，源自拉丁语 dēsīderātum (“想要的东西”)，dēsīderātus的中性主格单数形式，dēsīderāre (“想要，渴望”)的被动过去分词，[1]源自dēsīderō (“想要，希望，渴望”)，源自de- (程度增强后缀) + （可能）sīdus (“星星；星座”)，但其间的关联性不详。英语词与法语 desideratum、西班牙语 desiderátum同源。

复数形式源自拉丁语 dēsīderāta。

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名词

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desideratum (复数 desiderata)

  1. 渴望的东西，想要的东西，需求 （自17世纪中叶）
    • 1774 November, “Art. XI. An Improvement Proposed in the Cross Wires of Telescopes. By Dr. Wilson, of Glasgow.”, 出自 The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, 第 XLIV 卷, London: Printed […] for D[avid] Henry, […], →OCLC，第 529 页，第 2 列:
      It having hitherto been a deſideratum to draw ſilver wire fine enough for aſtronomical uſes, our author's improvement "conſiſts in nothing but in flattening the fineſt wires which are now drawn."
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1807年6月10日, Benjamin Smith Barton, A Discourse on Some of the Principal Desiderata in Natural History, and on the Best Means of Promoting the Study of This Science, in the United-States. […], Philadelphia, Pa.: Printed by Denham & Town, […], →OCLC，第 15 页:
      I shall now, agreeably to your request, endeavour to point out some of the principal Desiderata of the science of Natural History, and the most effectual means to be pursued for the Advancement of Science.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], 章号 V, 出自 Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], 第 I 卷, London: Henry Colburn, […], 出版于 1842, →OCLC，第 46 页:
      The kettle was singing on the side, and a thin white column of smoke announced, that desideratum of tea-makers, that the water boiled at a gallop.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1896, Mary Baker Eddy, Miscellaneous Writings 1883–1896, Boston, Mass.: Christian Science Publishing Society, →OCLC; 再版 Boston, Mass.: Trustees under the Will of Mary Baker G. Eddy, 1924, →OCLC，第 355 页:
      Less teaching and good healing is to-day the acme of "well done;" a healing that is not guesswork, – chronic recovery ebbing and flowing, – but instantaneous cure. This absolute demonstration of Science must be revived. To consummate this desideratum, mortal mind must pass through three stages of growth.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1898, Herbert Spencer, “Moral Education”, 出自 Education: Intellectual, Moral, and Physical, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton and Company, […], →OCLC，第 161 页:
      While much is being done in the detailed improvement of our systems in respect of both matter and manner, the most pressing desideratum has not yet even been recognised as a desideratum.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1907 November, Angus Caithness, “Notes on Neuralgia”, 出自 J. J. Lawrence 编, The Medical Brief: A Monthly Journal of Scientific Medicine and Surgery, 第 XXXV 卷, 第 11 期, St. Louis, Mo.: [s.n.] […], →OCLC，第 840 页，第 2 列:
      A heavy clay soil is bad for all neuralgics, and the house should be dry, and on a sandy or gravel soil. The desideratum for all neuralgic affections is perpetual summer, but this can only be obtained, and it is not always possible, by an annual migration.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1968, Sociology and Social Research, 第 53 卷, Los Angeles, Calif.: Southern California Sociological Society, University of Southern California, →ISSN, →OCLC，第 65 页:
      Money is probably a desideratum under almost any circumstance, though it is certainly possible to imagine limitations.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1991, James B. Freeman, “Basic Theoretical Considerations”, 出自 Dialectics and the Macrostructure of Arguments: A Theory of Argument Structure (Studies of Argumentation in Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis), Berlin, New York, N.Y.: Foris Publications, →ISBN, section 2.2 (Desiderata for Theory and Practice)，第 33 页:
      [W]e want to present certain desiderata for a theory of argument structure and the diagramming system which represents it. These desiderata will further highlight the appropriateness of presenting our dialectal theory of argument at the beginning of our study.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 2018, Robert A. Wilson, “A Socio-cognitive Framework for Marked Variation”, 出自 The Eugenic Mind Project, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, →ISBN, section 6.8 (Return of the Seven)，第 137 页:
      In terms of the seven desiderata for any adequate response to the puzzle of marked variation, I have argued that the constructivist view's only real strength lies in the first desideratum.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

相关词汇

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参考资料

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  1. ↑ “desideratum, n.”，OED Online  ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，1895年; “desideratum, n.”，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.

延伸阅读

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拉丁语

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动词

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dēsīderātum

  1. dēsīderō 的宾格目的动名词

分词

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dēsīderātum

  1. dēsīderātus 的屈折变化形式：
    1. 主格/宾格/呼格中性单数
    2. 宾格阳性单数

参考资料

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检索自“https://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=desideratum&oldid=8461936”