fjord
英语
编辑
词源
编辑
非同化借词，源自挪威语 fjord，源自古诺尔斯语 fjǫrðr，源自原始日耳曼语 *ferþu、*ferþuz (“水湾，峡湾”)，[1]源自原始印欧语 *pértus (“交叉口”)，源自*per- (“前”) + *-tus (从动词词根构成动作名词的后缀)。firth、ford、 和 port 的同源对似词。
发音
编辑- (标准英音) 国际音标(帮助): /ˈfiːɔːd/, /fiˈɔːd/, /fjɔːd/
- (通用美式) 国际音标(帮助): /fiˈɔɹd/, /fjɔɹd/
（美国）音频： (档案) （澳洲）音频： (档案) - 韵部：-ɔː(ɹ)d
- 断字：fjord
名词
编辑fjord (复数 fjords)
- 峡湾
- 1839, T. D. W[hatley], “Section II. Norway.”, 出自 A Hand-book for Travellers in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Russia, being a Guide to the Principal Routes in Those Countries, […], London: John Murray, […]; Leipzig: Black and Armstrong, →OCLC，第 73 页:
- About 20 English miles beyond this river, which is the largest in Norway, the road crosses the fjord which forms the boundary of the two kingdoms [Norway and Sweden]; and whose waters but too often in former days were dyed with the life-blood of many a bold mountaineer who crossed the "border stream" never to return.
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1841, Harriet Martineau, “The Water Sprites’ Doings.”, 出自 Feats on the Fiord. A Tale (The Playfellow; a Series of Tales to be Published Quarterly; 3), London: Charles Knight & Co., […], →OCLC，第 123–124 页s:
- At last one gave a deep groan, and another declared that the spirits of the fiord were against them, and there was no doubt that their boat was now lying twenty fathoms deep, at the bottom of the creek; drawn down by the strong hand of an angry water-spirit. [...] Another said he would not go till he had looked abroad over the fiord, for some chance of seeing the boat.
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1894 August, Spitzbergen and Norway in August 1894: Itinerary of the Pleasure Cruise of the “S.S. Lusitania.” From 1st August to 2nd September (33 Days), London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Limited […], →OCLC，第 46 页:
- Like most of the larger inlets, and some of the inland lakes, the Sogne fjord is much deeper than the sea beyond, the depth in places being upwards of 4,000 feet, [...] Before the "glacial epoch," thousands of streams commenced the work of erosion and produced valleys and gorges. During the glacial epoch these channels were enlarged, and lake basins were hollowed out. The descending glaciers ground out fjords to their full length when the glacial epoch was at its height, but as it declined they ground out the inner parts to a still greater depth, producing the present character of the marine fjords, and giving rise to lake hollows in other places.
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1909, Ralph S[tockman] Tarr, “General Physiography”, 出自 The Yakutat Bay Region, Alaska (United States Geographical Survey, Department of the Interior, Professional Paper; 64), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, part I (Physiography and Glacial Geology)，第 15 页:
- Disenchantment Bay, as the Yakutat Bay inlet is called north of Point Latouche, is bordered on the east by the steep hills of the peninsula and on the west by the main mountain front. Its coast is precipitous and through nearly its entire length it is a true mountain-walled fiord. The two mountain walls approach each other at Point Latouche almost at right angles, and Disenchantment Bay enters between them with a nearly north-south axis.
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1951, Richard A. Hebert, “Hancock County”, 出自 Modern Maine: Its Historic Background, People and Resources, 第 II 卷, New York, N.Y.: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, part III (A County by County Descriptive Outline of City, Town and Country in Maine)，第 281 页:
- In the center of Mount Desert Island is deep Somes Sound, almost bisecting the island and forming the only natural fjord on the entire Atlantic Coast of North America.
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1973 December, “Description of the Environment”, 出自 Proposed Harding Icefield–Kenai Fjords National Monument, Alaska: Draft Environmental Impact Statement DES 73-86, [Washington, D.C.: Alaska Planning Group, National Park Service, Department of the Interior], →OCLC, section II.A.1 (Physical Environment)，第 51 页:
- The warm Alaska Current raises the water temperature off the coast of the monument to approximately 55°F. in the summer, while winter temperatures range from 37.5° to 40°F. Temperatures in individual fjords vary due to tidewater glaciers and fresh water flowing into the fjords [...].
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 2010, M. E. Inall, P. A. Gillibrand, “The Physics of Mid-latitude Fjords: A Review”, 出自 Fjord Systems and Archives (Geographical Society Special Publication; no. 344), London: The Geological Society, →ISBN，第 17 页:
- Why should the flow of water within a fjord be of interest to the geologist? After all, fjordic geomorphology has changed little over the last few thousand years. One reason is that attention has recently focused on fjords as archives of Holocene climate change.
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 2019, J. N. Moum, W. D. Smyth, “Upper Ocean Mixing”, 出自 Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, 第 I (Marine Biogeochemistry) 卷, London, San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press, →ISBN，第 75 页:
- Fiords are glacially carved oceanic intrusions into land. They are often deep and narrow with a sill in the mouth. Waters from neighboring seas and locally supplied fresh water fill up the fiords, often leading to strong stratification. Fiords with tidewater glaciers also contain glacial ice. During transport into and stay in the fiord, mixing processes modify the properties of imported water masses.
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
其他形式
编辑- fiord (现主要用于新西兰)
衍生词汇
编辑相关词汇
编辑派生语汇
编辑- → 日语: フィヨルド (fiyorudo)
参考资料
编辑- ↑ “fiord, fjord, n.”，OED Online
，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，1896年; “fjord”，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.
捷克语
编辑词源
编辑发音
编辑名词
编辑fjord m 无生
变格
编辑丹麦语
编辑词源
编辑源自古丹麦语 fiorth，源自古诺尔斯语 fjǫrðr (“峡湾”)，源自原始日耳曼语 *ferþuz (“峡湾”)，源自原始印欧语 *pértus (“交叉口”)。
发音
编辑名词
编辑fjord c (定单数 fjorden，不定复数 fjorde)
屈折
编辑荷兰语
编辑词源
编辑发音
编辑名词
编辑fjord f (复数 fjorden，指小 fjordje n)
- 峡湾
- 挪威峡湾马
- 近义词：fjordenpaard
衍生词汇
编辑相关词汇
编辑法语
编辑其他形式
编辑 词源
编辑借自挪威语 fjord，源自古诺尔斯语 fjǫrðr。port 的同源对似词。
发音
编辑名词
编辑fjord m (复数 fjords)
派生语汇
编辑延伸阅读
编辑- 查看“fjord”在 le Trésor de la langue française informatisé [法语数字化宝典] 中的释义。
匈牙利语
编辑发音
编辑
名词
编辑fjord (复数 fjordok)
变格
编辑| 变格 (词干：-o-，元音和谐律：后) | ||
|---|---|---|
| 单数 | 复数 | |
| 主格 | fjord | fjordok |
| 宾格 | fjordot | fjordokat |
| 与格 | fjordnak | fjordoknak |
| 工具格 | fjorddal | fjordokkal |
| 因果格 | fjordért | fjordokért |
| 转移格 | fjorddá | fjordokká |
| 到格 | fjordig | fjordokig |
| 样格-形式 | fjordként | fjordokként |
| 样格-情态 | — | — |
| 内格 | fjordban | fjordokban |
| 顶格 | fjordon | fjordokon |
| 接格 | fjordnál | fjordoknál |
| 入格 | fjordba | fjordokba |
| 上下格 | fjordra | fjordokra |
| 向格 | fjordhoz | fjordokhoz |
| 出格 | fjordból | fjordokból |
| 上格 | fjordról | fjordokról |
| 夺格 | fjordtól | fjordoktól |
参考资料
编辑- Bakos Ferenc & Fábián Pál, Idegen szavak és kifejezések szótára. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1989, ISBN 963 05 5307 4
书面挪威语
编辑
词源
编辑源自丹麦语 fjord，源自古丹麦语 fiorth，源自古诺尔斯语 fjǫrðr，源自原始日耳曼语 *ferþuz (“峡湾”)，源自原始印欧语 *pértus (“交叉口”)。
发音
编辑
名词
编辑fjord m (定单数 fjorden，不定复数 fjorder，定复数 fjordene)
用法说明
编辑用作峡湾名时作 -fjorden。
衍生词汇
编辑派生语汇
编辑参考资料
编辑“fjord”在 书面挪威语词典中的解释。
新挪威语
编辑词源
编辑源自古诺尔斯语 fjǫrðr，源自原始日耳曼语 *ferþuz (“峡湾”)，源自原始印欧语 *pértus (“交叉口”)。与英语 firth有关。
发音
编辑名词
编辑fjord m (定单数 fjorden，不定复数 fjordar，定复数 fjordane)
用法说明
编辑用作峡湾名时作 -fjorden。
衍生词汇
编辑派生语汇
编辑参考资料
编辑“fjord”在 新挪威语词典中的解释。
塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语
编辑词源
编辑发音
编辑名词
编辑fjȍrd m (西里尔字母拼写 фјо̏рд)
变格
编辑 fjord 的变格
| 单数 | 复数 | |
|---|---|---|
| 主格 | fjȍrd | fjòrdovi |
| 属格 | fjorda | fjòrdōvā |
| 与格 | fjordu | fjordovima |
| 宾格 | fjord | fjordove |
| 呼格 | fjorde | fjordovi |
| 位格 | fjordu | fjordovima |
| 工具格 | fjordom | fjordovima |
参考资料
编辑- 参见《Hrvatski jezični portal》中有关“fjord”的内容
斯洛伐克语
编辑词源
编辑发音
编辑名词
编辑fjord m 无生 (属格单数 fjordu，主格复数 fjordy，属格复数 fjordov，变格模式 dub)
变格
编辑fjord 的变格（dub 模式）
延伸阅读
编辑- “fjord”，Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [斯洛伐克科学院卢多维特·什图尔语言研究所辞典入口]，https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk， 2003–2024年
瑞典语
编辑词源
编辑源自古瑞典语 fiordher，源自古诺尔斯语 fjǫrðr，源自原始诺尔斯语 *ᚠᛖᚱᚦᚢᛉ (*ferþuz)，源自原始日耳曼语 *ferþuz (“峡湾”)，源自原始印欧语 *pértus (“交叉口”)。fjärd 的同源对似词。
发音
编辑名词
编辑fjord c
变格
编辑| fjord 的变格 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 单数 | 复数 | |||
| 不定 | 定 | 不定 | 定 | |
| 主格 | fjord | fjorden | fjordar | fjordarna |
| 属格 | fjords | fjordens | fjordars | fjordarnas |
相关词汇
编辑参考资料
编辑- 参见 fjord 在《瑞典语词典》（Svenska Akademiens ordbok，SAOB）中的有关内容
- Douglas Harper (2001–2024年)，“fjord”，《在线词源词典》（Online Etymology Dictionary）