harass

英语

词源

原始印欧语词
*ḱe

原始印欧语词
*ís

动词派生自中古法语、古法语 harasser (“使...力竭；折磨，烦扰”)（现代法语 harasser (“使...力竭”)），可能源自古法语 harer (“放狗追”)，^[1]源自古法兰克语 *hara (“此处，到这里”, 命令狗攻击的指令)，^[2]源自原始日耳曼语 *hē₂r (“这里”)，最终源自原始印欧语 *ḱe (“这里；这个”) + *ís (“那个，那位”) + *-r。

名词派生自动词。^[3]

发音

(标准英音) 英语发音：hăʹrəs, hərăsʹ、国际音标^(帮助): /ˈhæɹəs/, /həˈɹæs/
（英国南部）音频： (档案)
(通用美式) 英语发音：hərăsʹ, hăʹrəs、国际音标^(帮助): /həˈɹæs/, /ˈhæɹəs/
- 重音在第一个音节上的第一个发音较老，一部分人认为只有它是正确的，但重音在第二个音节上的第二个发音现在也很常见。^[2]
韵部：-æɹəs, -æs
断字：ha‧rass

动词

harass (第三人称单数简单现在时 harasses，现在分词 harassing，一般过去时及过去分词 harassed) (及物)

烦扰，骚扰，纠缠
近义词：beleaguer、beset、chevy、harry、hassle、molest、plague
- 1829, Juvenal, “Satire XII”, 出自 William Smart（译者）, Juvenal and Persius, Literally Translated for the Use of Students, London: […] [Richard Gilbert] for Whittaker, Treacher, & Co. […], →OCLC，第 125 页:
  For it is a stout calf, ripe for the temples and altar [to be sacrificed], and to be sprinkled with wine; who is now ashamed to draw the dugs of his mother, and who harasseth the oaks with his budding horn.
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- Template:RQ:Sewell Black Beauty
- 1895, “Saint Guthlac. A.”, 出自 Israel Gollancz 编, The Exeter Book, an Anthology of Anglo-Saxon Poetry […], part I (Poems I–VIII), London: [F]or the Early English Text Society, by Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., […], →OCLC, part I，第 109 页，第 81–88 行s:
  Some who dwell in wildernesses, / who seek and occupy, by their own wills, homes in dark caverns, these await / the heavenly dwelling-place; he who grudgeth them life, / oft bringeth hateful terror upon them; / sometimes he showeth them horror, sometimes vain glory; / the wily murderer hath power of both, / and harasseth these lonely-dwellers; […]
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  A modern English translation of a 10th-century Old English text.
1. (尤指) （法律上的）频繁，再三地骚扰
给...负担，使...紧张
To harass good people is no different than speaking ill of them.
（请为本使用例添加中文翻译）
- 1761, Thomas Boston, “State II. Namely, the State of Nature or of Entire Depravation. Head I. The Sinfulness of Man’s Natural State. [Of the Corruption of the Will.]”, 出自 Human Nature in Its Four-fold State […], 12th版, Edinburgh: […] David Gray […], →OCLC，第 80 页:
  The ſoul that dies this death, is like a loving wife matched with a rigorous huſband: ſhe does what ſhe can to pleaſe him, yet he is never pleaſed; but toſſeth, haraſſeth, and beats her, till ſhe break her heart, and death ſets her free: […]
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1831, William French and George Skinner（译者）, A New Translation of the Proverbs of Solomon from the Original Hebrew […], Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] J. Smith printer to the University; London: John Murray […], →OCLC, Proverbs XI:29，第 37 页:
  He, who harasseth his household, shall inherit the wind; / And the fool shall be the servant of the wise in heart.
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1839, Martin F[arquhar] Tupper, “Of Discretion”, 出自 Proverbial Philosophy: A Book of Thoughts and Arguments, Originally Treated, 3rd版, London: Joseph Rickerby, […], →OCLC，第 147–148 页s:
  Zeal without judgment is an evil, though it be zeal unto good; / […] / By a shoulder to the wheel downhill harasseth the labouring beast, / And where an obstruction were needed, will harm by an ill judged thrusting-on.
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- Template:RQ:Tennyson Maud
反复攻击
- Template:RQ:Bacon Henry 7
- Template:RQ:Swift English Tongue
- Template:RQ:Irving Conquest of Spain
- 1897, “Fourth Discourse. Jnana-Yoga.”, 出自 Alladi Mahadeva Sastry（译者）, The Bhagavad Gita with the Commentary of Sri Sankaracharya […], 7th版, Madras, Tamil Nadu: Samata Books, 出版于 1977, →OCLC，第 119 页:
  The tradition of this Yoga has now for a long time been broken here, O Arjuna, who harassest thy foes, like the sun, by the heat of thy prowess.
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
(弃用，常后接out) 使...筋疲力竭，使...劳累不堪
- Template:RQ:Bacon War with Spain
- Template:RQ:Dryden Georgics
- Template:RQ:Addison Cato
- 1812, John Mason Good, “Part II. First Series of Controversy.”, 出自 The Book of Job, Literally Translated from the Original Hebrew, and Restored to Its Natural Arrangement: […], London: […] [F]or Black, Parry, and Co. […], by R. Watts, Broxbourn Press, →OCLC, Job XIV:19–20:
  As the waters wear to pieces the stones, / As their overflowings sweep the soil from the land,— / So consumest thou the hope of man; / Thou harassest him continually till he perish; / Thou weariest out his frame, and despatchest him.
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1825, Jedediah Cleishbotham [pseudonym], “Substance of Some Traditions Respecting Grimmfer the Wizard”, 出自 New Landlord’s Tales; or, Jedediah in the South. […], 第 II 卷, London: […] [S. Gosnell] for T[homas] Hookham, […], →OCLC, chapter I，第 126–127 页s:
  '[T]is true, that he neither harasseth his vassals from morn to eve by hard labour and exaction, nor committeth them to the dungeon, when they can no longer work nor pay. But to knights of our calling, Monsieur Robichon, he is as ill disposed as the worst of them:— […]
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  By an unknown author in imitation of Walter Scott’s Tales of My Landlord (1816–1832).

变位

harass的变位

不定式	(to) harass
	现在时	过去式
第一人称单数	harass	harassed
第二人称单数	harass, harassest¹	harassed, harassedst¹
第三人称单数	harasses, harasseth¹	harassed
复数	harass

虚拟语气	harass

祈使语气	harass	—

分词	harassing	harassed