engender

英語

發音

• (英國) 國際音標^(幫助): /ɪnˈdʒɛn.də/, /ɛnˈdʒɛn.də/
• (美國) 國際音標^(幫助): /ɛnˈdʒɛn.dɚ/, /ɪnˈdʒɛn.dɚ/
• 韻部：-ɛndə(ɹ)

• （美國）音頻：

  (檔案)

• （澳洲）音頻：

  (檔案)

詞源 1

源自中古法語 engendrer，源自拉丁語 ingenerāre，源自in- + generāre (「產生」)。

其他形式

• engendre （14-16世紀）、ingender （15-17世紀）

動詞

engender (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 engenders，現在分詞 engendering，一般過去時及過去分詞 engendered)

1. (棄用，及物) 成為...的父親（指男性）；懷有，孕育（指女性） （14-19世紀）
   • Template:RQ:Shakespeare Julius Caesar
2. (及物) 產下，生下 （生物） （自14世紀）
   • 1891, Henry James, "James Russell Lowell", Essays in London and Elsewhere, p.60:

     Like all interesting literary figures, he is full of tacit as well as of uttered reference to the conditions that engendered him […]。

3. (及物) 造成，導致；創造 （某種情況，結果，特質） （自14世紀）
   • Template:RQ:Montaigne Florio Essayes
   • 1928, "New Plays in Manhattan", Time, 8 Oct.:

     Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart managed to engender "Better Be Good to Me" and "I Must Love You," but they were neither lyrically nor musically up to standards of their Garrick Gaieties or A Connecticut Yankee.

   • 2009, Jonathan Glancey, "The art of industry", The Guardian, 21 Dec.:

     Manufacturing is not simply about brute or emergency economics. It's also about a sense of involvement and achievement engendered by shaping and crafting useful, interesting, well-designed things.

4. (不及物) 形成，產生
   • a. 1700, John Dryden, transl., 「Ovid’s Metamorphoses」, 出自 Poems on Various Occasions; and Translations from Several Authors, London: Jacob Tonson, 出版於 1701, book I，第 147 頁:

     Thick Clouds are ſpread, and Storms engender there,
     And Thunders Voice, which wretched Mortals fear,
     And Winds that on their Wings, cold Winter bear.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

5. (棄用，不及物) 交媾 （15-19世紀）
   • 1651, Thomas Hobbes, 「Of the Kingdome of Darknesse」, 出自 Leviathan, Or The Matter Forme, & Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civill, London: Andrew Crooke，第 343 頁:

     But that the bodies of the Reprobate, who make the Kingdome of Satan, ſhall alſo be glorious, or ſpirituall bodies, or that they ſhall bee as the Angels of God, neither eating, nor, drinking, nor engendering […], there is no place of Scripture to prove it […]

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 1667, John Milton, 「Book II」, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，第 790–800 行s:

     I fled, but he purſu’d (though more, it ſeems,
     Inflam’d with luſt then rage) and ſwifter far,
     Me overtook his mother all diſmaid,
     And in embraces forcible and foule
     Ingendring with me, of that rape begot
     Theſe yelling Monſters that with ceaſleſs cry
     Surround me, as thou ſawſt […]

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

近義詞

• (產生，生成)： beget、conjure、create、produce、make、craft、manufacture、invent、assemble、generate
• (交媾)： do it、get it on、have sex，亦參見Thesaurus:copulate

詞源 2

源自en- +‎ gender。

動詞

engender (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 engenders，現在分詞 engendering，一般過去時及過去分詞 engendered)

1. (批判理論) 給...賦予性別；強調...的性別 （自20世紀）
   • 1992, Anne Cranny-Francis, Engendered Fictions，第 2 頁:

     As such they are an important way of understanding both how texts are engendered (how they articulate particular sex or gender role) and how they engender their consumers.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 1996, Steven C Ward, Reconfiguring Truth，第 xviii 頁:

     I focus on […] the efforts of feminist critics of science to examine the engendered origins and implications of scientific rationality and modern epistemology.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

異序詞

• engendre, regenned