stubborn

英語

詞源

源自中古英語 stiborne、stibourne、stoburn、stoburne、styburne、stiborn。其詞源不詳。

一理論認為可能源自*stybor、*stibor，源自古英語 stybb (「樹樁」) + 形容詞構成後綴 -or，如出現於古英語 bitor、英語 bitter的後綴。

發音

• (通用美式) IPA^(幫助)：/ˈstʌbɚn/
• (標準英音) IPA^(幫助)：/ˈstʌbən/

• （美國）音頻

  （文檔）

• （英國）音頻

  （文檔）

• 韻部：-ʌbə(ɹ)n
• 斷字：stub‧born

形容詞

stubborn (比較級 stubborner, 最高級 stubbornest)

1. 固執的，執拗的；頑固的；堅持不懈的

   He is pretty stubborn about his political beliefs, so why bother arguing?

   他對自己的政治信念很固執的，何苦和他吵呢？

   Blood can make a very stubborn stain on fabrics if not washed properly.

   血如果不正確清洗會在布料上留下很頑固的污漬。

2. （指材料）堅硬而不易彎曲的；難以加工的

近義詞

• willful、headstrong、wayward、obstinate、obdurate、contrary、disobedient、insubordinate、undisciplined、adamant、unyielding、rebellious
• 亦參見Thesaurus:obstinate、perseverant、persistent、enduring

衍生詞彙

• stubbornly
• stubbornness

名詞

stubborn (不可數)

1. (非正式) 固執，頑固
   • 2003, Dana Stabenow, A Grave Denied, →ISBN，頁號 86:

     But I have to say that one thing you inherited from your mother is a whole lot of stubborn.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2014, Victoria Hamilton, Muffin But Murder, →ISBN:

     That takes a lot of stubborn for a seventy-something man.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2016, Ken Robert Baugh, Just Passing Time, →ISBN:

     Stubborn is not eating pizza out of a square pan because you know it won't taste as good as a round one. Stubborn is spending twelve thousand dollars to fix a five-hundred-dollar truck just because it's 「your baby.」

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2. 柑橘樹僵化病
   • 1966, Israel Journal of Botany - Volumes 15-17，頁號 131:

     The extremely low number of control plants infected by stubborn disease suggests that natural spread of stubborn in the vicinity of the experiments is much slower than that reported for psylla-borne greening in South Africa (Schwarz, 1964).

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 1967, Walter Reuther, The Citrus Industry, Volume IV, →ISBN，頁號 129:

     With evidence that the causal agent of stubborn is spread by insects, control or prevention of this disease will prove more difficult than formerly thought to be.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2012, Vincenzo Vacante & Uri Gerson, Integrated Control of Citrus Pests in the Mediterranean Region, →ISBN:

     Sectorial infection of stubborn could be stable for long periods, but may be manifested once the trees are severely pruned, this causing the system spread of S. citri to other non-infected parts.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

延伸閱讀

• 「stubborn」, Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, OCLC 800618302
• 「stubborn」, The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, OCLC 867766587
• OneLook 在線詞典 上有關 stubborn 的釋義