維基詞典

tarantula

參見：tarántula、tarântula 和 tarantulă

英語

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詞源

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A tarantula (Brachypelma smithi; 義1)
 
Avicularia avicularia, sometimes called the pinktoe tarantula (義1)
 
Calisoga longitarsis, a type of funnel-web tarantula (family Nemesiidae) (義2).
 
A tarantula (Lycosa tarantula; 義3).

源自中世紀拉丁語 tarantula ← 古意大利語 tarantola ← 古意大利語 Taranto (「塔蘭托」) ← 拉丁語 Tarentum ← 古希臘語 Τάρᾱς (Tárās) (對比現代希臘語 Τάραντας (Tárantas)，意大利語 Tarde (塔蘭泰諾方言)),[1] 可能源自伊利里亞語 *darandos (「櫟樹」)。

義3 (「歐狼蛛，Lycosa tarantula」) 是本詞的本義。[1]義1 (「捕鳥蛛」)是現在的主要用法，可能源自西班牙語 tarántula (「歐狼蛛」)。

發音

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名詞

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tarantula (複數 tarantulas 或 tarantulae)

  1. 捕鳥蛛（Theraphosidae）
    近義詞：bird spider、monkey spider、rain spider
    • 1857, John Askew, 章號 II, 出自 A Voyage to Australia & New Zealand, including a Visit to Adelaide, Melbourne, Sydney, Hunter’s River, Newcastle, Maitland, and Auckland; […], London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co.; Cockermouth, Cumbria: D. Fidler, […], →OCLC，第 100 頁:
      Cockroaches, centipedes, tarantulas, scorpions, and mosquitoes are abundant in summer. [...] Tarantulas and scorpions are little noticed by those who have been there any length of time.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1873年5月3日, 「The Tarantula—an Interesting Native of California」, 出自 Friends' Intelligencer, 第 XXX 卷, 第 10 期, Philadelphia, Pa.: John Comly, publishing agent, […]; Merrihew & Son, printers, […], 出版於 1873–1874, →OCLC，第 156 頁，第 2 列:
      In the southern portions of the State we have met with specimens of brown tarantula weighing a full Troy ounce, but these were of unusual size. The wood tarantula is the largest of all, occasional specimens weighing an ounce and a half, inhabits dead wood, is very active on a warm day, is found of sunning himself, and is quite courageous, leaping on a large lizard, with a perfect recklessness of consequences. [From the Alta California.]
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1910 November, C. L. Edholm, 「A Queer Pet」, 出自 H[enry] H[aven] Windsor 編, Popular Mechanics Magazine, 第 14 卷, 第 5 期, Chicago, Ill.: Popular Mechanics Co., →ISSN, →OCLC，第 616 頁，第 2 列:
      Visitors to Southern Arizona find the privacy of their homes invaded in a delightfully free and easy way by the original settlers of that region, namely the scorpions, centipedes, tarantulas, etc. [...]
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 2014, Bear Grylls, 「Insects (and Other Creepy Crawlies)」, 出自 Extreme Food: What to Eat when Your Life Depends on It, London: Bantam Press, →ISBN; 再版 London: Corgi Books, Transworld Publishers, 2015, →ISBN, part 3 (The Whole Hog)，第 216–217 頁s:
      The best tarantulas for cooking are the Thai Zebra variety (Haplopelma albostriatum). These are very common in Cambodia, Thailand and Malaysia, where they are a popular fast food (and one that children love to hunt for). You can go to a Cambodian market and buy live, defanged tarantulas by the dozen from huge wicker baskets, ready to take home and cook.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  2. 〈引〉 原蛛亞目（Mygalomorphae）的蜘蛛
    • 1971, Wolfgang Bücherl, 「Spiders」, 出自 Venomous Animals and Their Venoms, 第 III (Venomous Invertebrates) 卷, New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, →ISBN, section IV (Description, Distribution, and Biology of Dangerous Species)，第 225 頁:
      The small funnel-web tarantulas are sedentary but notable for their aggressiveness and the strong action of their venom on human beings. A. robustus and formidabilis have caused human deaths.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 2009, 「Glossary」, 出自 Spiders of India, Himayatnagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh: Universities Press (India), →ISBN，第 428 頁:
      tergites: dorsal sclerites on the body; the hard plates on the abdomen of the atypical tarantulas that indicate segmentation
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 2016年3月29日, Josephine-De-France, 「The Vicious」, 出自 And Then There Are Bitches, Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, →ISBN:
      The name "tarantula" is also mistakenly applied to other large-bodied spiders, and the "dwarf tarantulas". Both are classified in different families. Huntsman spiders of the family have also been termed "tarantulas" because of their large size.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  3. 〈舊〉 塔蘭圖拉（歐狼蛛, Lycosa tarantula） （自16世紀中期）
    • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], 「An Heape of Other Accidents Causing Melancholy. Death of Friends, Losses, &c.」, 出自 The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 2, member 4, subsection 7，第 151 頁:
      Many men catch this malady [i.e., melancholy] by [...] ſtinging with that kind of ſpider called Tarantula; [...] Their ſymptomes are merrily deſcribed by Iovianus Pontanus. Ant. dial. how they daunce alogether, and are cured by Muſick.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1996, Jonathan Kellerman, 章號 7, 出自 The Web (Alex Delaware; 10), New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, →ISBN; 再版 London: Headline Publishing Group, 2008, →ISBN:
      I must confess they're my favorite. So bright. They quickly recognize individuals. And they respond to kindness. All tarantulae do. That's why your little Lycosa made such a good pet, Robin.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

派生詞

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相關詞彙

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參考資料

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 「tarantula, n.」，OED Online  ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，1910年; 「tarantula, n.」，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.

拓展閱讀

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波蘭語

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波蘭語維基百科有一篇文章關於：
維基百科 pl

詞源

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源自法語 tarentule ← 意大利語 tarantola，源自Taranto (「塔蘭托，意大利南部城市」)，源自拉丁語 Tarentum ← 古希臘語 Τάρᾱς (Tárās) ← 伊利里亞語 *darandos (「櫟樹」)。

發音

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名詞

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tarantula f

  1. 塔蘭圖拉，歐狼蛛 (Lycosa tarantula)

變格

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tarantula 的變格
單數 複數
主格 tarantula tarantule
屬格 tarantuli tarantul
與格 tarantuli tarantulom
賓格 tarantulę tarantule
工具格 tarantulą tarantulami
方位格 tarantuli tarantulach
呼格 tarantulo tarantule

拓展閱讀

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  • 參見tarantula 在 Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN 中的內容
  • 參見波蘭語詞典PWN上有關tarantula的內容

羅馬尼亞語

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名詞

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tarantula

  1. tarantulă 的定主格單數
  2. tarantulă 的定賓格單數
取自「https://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=tarantula&oldid=8784922」