维基词典

bogus

參見：Bogus 和 Boguś

英语

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词源

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首个可考书面记载中是一个指假硬币制造机的黑话，后还指这些假硬币。之后其演变为指代劣质物品。最新的词义“没用的”可能派生自计算机黑客俚语。

其词源不详，但目前有两个理论：

  • 源自豪薩語 boko (“伪造”)。bogus最初出现于美国，因此可能由奴隶运输船中传播来。
  • 为tantrabogus的犯罪黑话缩略形式，该词在19世纪是一个指代危险物品的俚语用词；这一理论让一些人联想到bogy或bogey（见bogeyman）。在这个意义上，本词可能与bogle有关，其指的是苏格兰边境的一种在人家中做恶作剧（但不会给人财产损失）的骗子。

发音

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形容词

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bogus (比較級 more bogus，最高級 most bogus)

  1. 伪造的，假的
    近義詞：phony；亦參見Thesaurus:fake
    • 1842, Daniel Parish Kidder, Mormonism and the Mormons: A Historical View of the Rise and Progress of the Sect Self-styled Latter-Day Saints, Carlton & Lanahan:
      […] that he and David Whitmer swore falsley, stole, cheated, lied, sold bogus money, (base coin,), and also stones and sand for bogus; that letters in the post-office had been opened, read, and destroyed; and that those same men were concerned with a gang of counterfeiters, coiners, and blacklegs.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1895, Alphonso Alva Hopkins, Wealth and Waste: The Principles of Political Economy in Their Application to the Present Problems of Labor, Law, and the Liquor Traffic, Funk & Wagnalls Company:
      They have printed bogus despatches, and unhesitatingly used what they knew was bogus matter in a way to mislead even newspaper men.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1921, Burton J. Hendrick, The Age of Big Business:
      The organization of “bogus companies,” started purely for the purpose of eliminating competitors, seems to have been a not infrequent practice.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  2. (俚語) 讨厌的；有害的
    • 1982, Cameron Crowe, Fast Times at Ridgemont High‎[1], 角色 Jeff Spicoli（Sean Penn）:
      What Jefferson was saying was, Hey! You know, we left this England place 'cause it was bogus; so if we don't get some cool rules ourselves - pronto - we'll just be bogus too! Get it?
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  3. (計算機，俚語) 错误的；损坏的，没用的
  4. (集郵) 假的 （用于形容欺骗集邮爱好者的印着不存在国家的邮票）
    近義詞：illegal
    • 1962, Douglas Patrick, The International Guide to Stamps and Stamp Collecting: Includes the Answers to 1200 Questions Most Often Asked about Stamps:
      Bogus stamps are labels made to deceive stamp collectors. Many bogus stamps were made prior to 1900 when some had names of imaginary countries.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  5. 错误的，伪的
    bogus laws
    伪法律

衍生词汇

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名词

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bogus (不可數)

  1. (美國，方言) （一种朗姆和糖蜜混合的）烈酒
    • 1848, John Russell Bartlett, Dictionary of Americanisms: A glossary of words and phrases, usually regarded as peculiar to the United States:
      BOGUS. A liquor made of rum and molasses.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1919, Harvey Washington Wiley, Beverages and Their Adulteration: Origin, Composition, Manufacture, Natural, Artificial, Fermented, Distilled, Alkaloidal and Fruit Juices:
      "Calibogus," or "bogus" was cold rum and beer unsweetened.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 2014, J. Anne Funderburg, Bootleggers and Beer Barons of the Prohibition Era，第 311 頁:
      The American colonists drank rum straight, spiced, or mixed. They combined it with a list of ingredients: rum mixed with hard cider was called stonewall; rum and beer made bogus; rum and molasses made blackstrap.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  2. (美國，方言，古舊) 假钱
    • 1841年12月8日, “Western Court Eloquence”, 出自 Carlisle Weekly Herald，第 2 頁:
      “Ahem—it is the opinion of the court that the prisoner has been making bogus; so we must put him in the jug until Superior Court. […]”
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1846, Joseph H. Jackson, The Adventures and Experience of Joseph H. Jackson: Disclosing the Depths of Mormon Villainy Practiced in Nauvoo，第 15 頁:
      There is not a merchant in this city but knows this fact, and also that there has been a large quantity of bogus in circulation.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1848年1月26日, C. C., “[Letter]”, 出自 The Washington Union, 出版於 1848年2月28日，第 3 頁:
      This being agreed to, they hand the soldier the same number of dollars they received from him—but all counterfeit. This new way of passing bogus they have practised to a considerable extent […]
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1994, John L. Brooke, The Refiner’s Fire: The Making of Mormon Cosmology, 1644–1844, →ISBN，第 269–70 頁s:
      Edward Bonney, a bounty hunter who passed bogus on occasion, claimed to have been working to break up yet another gang operating on the Mississippi with a base at Nauvoo.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

衍生词汇

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相关词汇

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参考资料

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来自“https://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=bogus&oldid=8542140”