cringe
英语 编辑
词源 编辑
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一个曾是修女的的妓女因恐惧和悔恨而畏缩（词义1）于墙角，其面前是Clement，一个多明我会的修士，其正试图帮助前者返回女修道院。出自Charles Reade所著的一本小说The Cloister and the Hearth（1861年）。[n 1]
动词派生自中古英語 crengen (“高傲地俯身，屈尊”) [以及其他形式]，[1]源自古英語 *crenċan、*crenċġan、*crengan (“使...倒下，使翻转”)，crinċġan (“屈服；畏缩；倒下；死亡”)的使役动词，[2]源自原始日耳曼語 *krangijaną (“使倒下”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *kringaną、*krinkaną (“倒下；翻转；屈服”)（源自原始印歐語 *grenǵʰ- (“翻转”)）+ *-janą (从强变化动词构成“导致某人某物做某事”一意的使役动词)。英语词与丹麥語 krænge (“翻出内侧，使...外翻”)、荷蘭語 krengen (“猛然转向”)、低地蘇格蘭語 crenge、creenge、creinge、crienge (“畏缩，耸肩”)、瑞典語 kränga (“猛然转向；猛然前倾；掷”)和西弗里斯蘭語 kringe (“捏；戳；推；坚持，催促”)同源，且是crinkle的同源對似詞。
名词[3]和形容词派生自动词。
发音 编辑
动词 编辑
cringe (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 cringes，現在分詞 cringing，一般過去時及過去分詞 cringed)
- (不及物) 畏缩，退缩
- He cringed as the bird collided with the window.
- 那只鸟撞到窗子上，让他[吓得]缩了一下身子。
- Template:RQ:Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress
- Template:RQ:Melville Moby-Dick
- 1860, [John B. Newman], “The Combat”, 出自 Wa-Wa-Wanda: A Legend of Old Orange, New York, N.Y.: Rudd & Carleton, […], →OCLC，頁號 28:
- Here the angel ceased, and frowning, / Hurled his heavy gauntlet at him; / Hurled, as best he could, the creature, / Cringing as the Serpent cringeth, / Coiled, and with his crest uplifted; / And then prone upon his belly, / Crawled away upon his belly, [...]
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- Template:RQ:London Jerry
- (不及物, 比喻义) 畏惧，恐惧，恶心；(引申义)十分尴尬
- (不及物) （卑微地）躬身或蹲伏，卑躬屈膝
- 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Loue of Learning; or Ouer-much Study. With a Digression of the Misery of Schollers, and Why the Muses are Melancholy.”, 出自 The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 2, member 3, subsection 15，頁號 113:
- [I]f they keepe their wits, yet they are accompted fooles by reaſon of their carriage, becauſe they cannot ride a horſe, which euery Clowne can doe; ſalute and court a Gentlewoman, carue at table, cringe and make congies, which euery common ſwaſher can doe, [...]
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，行號s 958–961:
- And thou ſly hypocrite, who now wouldſt ſeem / Patron of liberty, who more then thou / Once fawn'd,and cring'd, and ſervilly ador'd / Heav'ns awful Monarch?
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1846, Thomas Cooper, “To the Countess of Blessington”, 出自 The Baron’s Yule Feast: A Christmas-rhyme, London: Jeremiah How, […], →OCLC:
- Lady, receive a tributary lay / 源自one who cringeth not to titled state / Conventional, and lacking will to prate / Of comeliness— [...]
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1891, Edgar Fawcett, “How a Queen Loved”, 出自 Songs of Doubt and Dream: (Poems), New York, N.Y., Toronto, Ont.: Funk & Wagnalls, →OCLC, stanza I，頁號 155:
- Humbly thou cringest that with nod of head / Couldst fling me seaward from they steepest cliffs!
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- Template:RQ:London Faith of Men
- Template:RQ:Du Bois Souls of Black Folk
- (不及物, 比喻义) 献媚，拍马屁；卑躬屈膝
- 1782, John Brown, “The Christian Journal of a Summer-day”, 出自 The Christian Journal; or, Common Incidents, Spiritual Instructors. […], 4th版, Edinburgh: […] Gavin Alston; [s]old by William Coke, […], →OCLC，頁號 119:
- Here the beggar accoſts me; had I appeared as himſelf, he had aſked nothing: but now he uncovers, he cringeth, he cries for relief.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1851, Thomas Babington Macaulay, 章號 XI, 出自 The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, 卷 III, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC，頁號 105:
- Their [the clergy's] chief business, during a quarter of a century, had been to teach the people to cringe and the prince to domineer.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1880年6月23日，Richard F[rancis] Burton，“The Ethnology of Modern Midian”，出自 Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature of the United Kingdom，卷號XII (Second Series)，London:John Murray, […]; Trübner and Co., […]，出版年份1882, OCLC 301010011, part I (Notices of the Tribes of Midian, [...]), 頁號286:
- Even to the present day the Arabs consider treating a Hutaymi as unmanly as to strike a woman. When a Felláh says to another, "Tat'hattim" (= Tat'maskin, or Tat'zallí), he means, "Thou cringest, thou makest thyself contemptible (as a Hutaymi)."
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- (及物, 棄用) 将...拉近(身体部位)；皱起(脸)
- (及物, 棄用) 对...点头哈腰；（点头哈腰地）陪同
变位 编辑
cringe的變位
其他形式 编辑
- crinch (方言)
衍生词汇 编辑
参见 编辑
名词 编辑
- (可數) 畏缩，退缩
- He glanced with a cringe at the mess on his desk.
- 他怯生生地瞥了一眼桌上乱七八糟的东西。
- (可數, 比喻义) 卑躬屈膝
- (可數, 英國英語, 方言) 抽筋，痉挛
- (不可數, 俚語) 尴尬
- There was so much cringe in that episode!
- 那一集也太尬了。
形容词 编辑
cringe (比較級 more cringe，最高級 most cringe)
- (俚語) 令人尴尬的 (指让人尴尬到不适的)
- 近義詞： cringemaking、cringeworthy、cringybased、cringy
- 反義詞： (网络用语) based
注释 编辑
- ↑ From Charles Reade (1861), XXXIII, The Cloister and the Hearth: A Tale of the Middle Ages, 卷II (The Autobiography of a Thief), illustrated library版, Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Colonial Press Company, 出版于c. 1900, OCLC 247436795, illustration between pages 312 and 313.
参考资料 编辑
- ↑ “crenǧen, v.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ↑ 对比“cringe, v.”, OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, November 2010; “cringe, v.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
- ↑ “cringe, n.”, OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, November 2010; “cringe, n.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
异序词 编辑
意大利语 编辑
词源 编辑
名词 编辑
cringe m (無屈折)
波兰语 编辑
词源 编辑
发音 编辑
名词 编辑
cringe m 無生
变格 编辑
cringe的變格
| 單數 | 複數 | |
|---|---|---|
| 主格 | cringe | cringe'e |
| 屬格 | cringe'u | cringe'ów |
| 與格 | cringe'owi | cringe'om |
| 賓格 | cringe | cringe'e |
| 工具格 | cringe'em | cringe'ami |
| 方位格 | cringe'u | cringe'ach |
| 呼格 | cringe'u | cringe'e |
延伸阅读 编辑
西班牙语 编辑
词源 编辑
名词 编辑
cringe m (複數 cringe)
形容词 编辑
cringe (無屈折)
- (新詞) 令人尴尬的