cringe
英语
编辑词源
编辑动词派生自中古英語 crengen (“高傲地俯身,屈尊”) [以及其他形式],[1]源自古英語 *crenċan、*crenċġan、*crengan (“使...倒下,使翻转”),crinċġan (“屈服;畏缩;倒下;死亡”)的使役动词,[2]源自原始日耳曼語 *krangijaną (“使倒下”),源自原始日耳曼語 *kringaną、*krinkaną (“倒下;翻转;屈服”)(源自原始印歐語 *grenǵʰ- (“翻转”))+ *-janą (从强变化动词构成“导致某人某物做某事”一意的使役动词)。英语词与丹麥語 krænge (“翻出内侧,使...外翻”)、荷蘭語 krengen (“猛然转向”)、低地蘇格蘭語 crenge、creenge、creinge、crienge (“畏缩,耸肩”)、瑞典語 kränga (“猛然转向;猛然前倾;掷”)和西弗里斯蘭語 kringe (“捏;戳;推;坚持,催促”)同源,且是crinkle 的同源對似詞。
名词[3]和形容词派生自动词。
发音
编辑动词
编辑cringe (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 cringes,現在分詞 cringing,一般過去時及過去分詞 cringed)
- (不及物) 畏缩,退缩
- He cringed as the bird collided with the window.
- 那只鸟撞到窗子上,让他[吓得]缩了一下身子。
- Template:RQ:Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress
- Template:RQ:Melville Moby-Dick
- 1860, [John B. Newman], “The Combat”, 出自 Wa-Wa-Wanda: A Legend of Old Orange, New York, N.Y.: Rudd & Carleton, […], →OCLC,第 28 頁:
- Here the angel ceased, and frowning, / Hurled his heavy gauntlet at him; / Hurled, as best he could, the creature, / Cringing as the Serpent cringeth, / Coiled, and with his crest uplifted; / And then prone upon his belly, / Crawled away upon his belly, [...]
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- Template:RQ:London Jerry
- (不及物,比喻義) 畏惧,恐惧,恶心;(引申义)十分尴尬
- (不及物) (卑微地)躬身或蹲伏,卑躬屈膝
- 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Loue of Learning; or Ouer-much Study. With a Digression of the Misery of Schollers, and Why the Muses are Melancholy.”, 出自 The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 2, member 3, subsection 15,第 113 頁:
- [I]f they keepe their wits, yet they are accompted fooles by reaſon of their carriage, becauſe they cannot ride a horſe, which euery Clowne can doe; ſalute and court a Gentlewoman, carue at table, cringe and make congies, which euery common ſwaſher can doe, [...]
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC,第 958–961 行s:
- And thou ſly hypocrite, who now wouldſt ſeem / Patron of liberty, who more then thou / Once fawn'd,and cring'd, and ſervilly ador'd / Heav'ns awful Monarch?
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 1846, Thomas Cooper, “To the Countess of Blessington”, 出自 The Baron’s Yule Feast: A Christmas-rhyme, London: Jeremiah How, […], →OCLC:
- Lady, receive a tributary lay / 源自one who cringeth not to titled state / Conventional, and lacking will to prate / Of comeliness— [...]
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 1891, Edgar Fawcett, “How a Queen Loved”, 出自 Songs of Doubt and Dream: (Poems), New York, N.Y., Toronto, Ont.: Funk & Wagnalls, →OCLC, stanza I,第 155 頁:
- Humbly thou cringest that with nod of head / Couldst fling me seaward from they steepest cliffs!
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- Template:RQ:London Faith of Men
- Template:RQ:Du Bois Souls of Black Folk
- (不及物,比喻義) 献媚,拍马屁;卑躬屈膝
- 1782, John Brown, “The Christian Journal of a Summer-day”, 出自 The Christian Journal; or, Common Incidents, Spiritual Instructors. […], 4th版, Edinburgh: […] Gavin Alston; [s]old by William Coke, […], →OCLC,第 119 頁:
- Here the beggar accoſts me; had I appeared as himſelf, he had aſked nothing: but now he uncovers, he cringeth, he cries for relief.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 1851, Thomas Babington Macaulay, 章號 XI, 出自 The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, 第 III 卷, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC,第 105 頁:
- Their [the clergy's] chief business, during a quarter of a century, had been to teach the people to cringe and the prince to domineer.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 1880年6月23日, Richard F[rancis] Burton, “The Ethnology of Modern Midian”, 出自 Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature of the United Kingdom, 第 XII (Second Series) 卷, London: John Murray, […]; Trübner and Co., […], 出版於 1882, →OCLC, part I (Notices of the Tribes of Midian, [...]),第 286 頁:
- Even to the present day the Arabs consider treating a Hutaymi as unmanly as to strike a woman. When a Felláh says to another, "Tat'hattim" (= Tat'maskin, or Tat'zallí), he means, "Thou cringest, thou makest thyself contemptible (as a Hutaymi)."
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- (及物,棄用) 将...拉近(身体部位);皱起(脸)
- (及物,棄用) 对...点头哈腰;(点头哈腰地)陪同
变位
编辑cringe的變位
其他形式
编辑- crinch (方言)
衍生词汇
编辑参见
编辑名词
编辑- (可數) 畏缩,退缩
- He glanced with a cringe at the mess on his desk.
- 他怯生生地瞥了一眼桌上乱七八糟的东西。
- (可數,比喻義) 卑躬屈膝
- (可數,英國,方言) 抽筋,痉挛
- (不可數,俚語) 尴尬
- There was so much cringe in that episode!
- 那一集也太尬了。
形容词
编辑cringe (比較級 more cringe,最高級 most cringe)
- (俚語) 令人尴尬的 (指让人尴尬到不适的)
- 近義詞:cringemaking、cringeworthy、cringybased、cringy
- 反義詞:(网络用语) based
注释
编辑- ↑ From Charles Reade (1861年), XXXIII,The Cloister and the Hearth: A Tale of the Middle Ages,第 II (The Autobiography of a Thief) 卷,illustrated library版,Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.:Colonial Press Company, 出版于c. 1900,OCLC 247436795, illustration between pages 312 and 313.
参考资料
编辑- ↑ “crenǧen, v.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ↑ 对比“cringe, v.”,OED Online ,Oxford, Oxfordshire:Oxford University Press,November 2010年; “cringe, v.”,Lexico,Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press,2019–present年.
- ↑ “cringe, n.”,OED Online ,Oxford, Oxfordshire:Oxford University Press,November 2010年; “cringe, n.”,Lexico,Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press,2019–present年.
异序词
编辑意大利语
编辑词源
编辑名词
编辑cringe m (無屈折)
波兰语
编辑词源
编辑发音
编辑名词
编辑cringe m 無生
变格
编辑cringe 的變格
單數 | 複數 | |
---|---|---|
主格 | cringe | cringe'e |
屬格 | cringe'u | cringe'ów |
與格 | cringe'owi | cringe'om |
賓格 | cringe | cringe'e |
工具格 | cringe'em | cringe'ami |
方位格 | cringe'u | cringe'ach |
呼格 | cringe'u | cringe'e |
延伸阅读
编辑西班牙语
编辑词源
编辑名词
编辑cringe m (複數 cringe)
形容词
编辑cringe (無屈折)
- (新詞) 令人尴尬的