cringe

英语

词源

A former nun working as a prostitute cringes (sense 1) in terror and remorse before Clement, a Dominican friar, who seeks to help her return to the convent, an episode from Charles Reade’s novel The Cloister and the Hearth (1861).
一个曾是修女的的妓女因恐惧和悔恨而畏缩（词义1）于墙角，其面前是Clement，一个多明我会的修士，其正试图帮助前者返回女修道院。出自Charles Reade所著的一本小说The Cloister and the Hearth（1861年）。^{[n 1]}

动词派生自中古英语 crengen (“高傲地俯身，屈尊”) [以及其他形式]，^[1]源自古英语 *crenċan、*crenċġan、*crengan (“使...倒下，使翻转”)，crinċġan (“屈服；畏缩；倒下；死亡”)的使役动词，^[2]源自原始日耳曼语 *krangijaną (“使倒下”)，源自原始日耳曼语 *kringaną、*krinkaną (“倒下；翻转；屈服”)（源自原始印欧语 *grenǵʰ- (“翻转”)）+ *-janą (从强变化动词构成“导致某人某物做某事”一意的使役动词)。英语词与丹麦语 krænge (“翻出内侧，使...外翻”)、荷兰语 krengen (“猛然转向”)、低地苏格兰语 crenge、creenge、creinge、crienge (“畏缩，耸肩”)、瑞典语 kränga (“猛然转向；猛然前倾；掷”)和西弗里斯兰语 kringe (“捏；戳；推；坚持，催促”)同源，且是crinkle 的同源对似词。

名词^[3]和形容词派生自动词。

发音

(标准英音，通用美式) 国际音标^(帮助): /kɹɪnd͡ʒ/
（通用美式）音频： (档案)
韵部：-ɪndʒ

动词

cringe (第三人称单数简单现在时 cringes，现在分词 cringing，一般过去时及过去分词 cringed)

(不及物) 畏缩，退缩
He cringed as the bird collided with the window.
那只鸟撞到窗子上，让他[吓得]缩了一下身子。
- Template:RQ:Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress
- Template:RQ:Melville Moby-Dick
- 1860, [John B. Newman], “The Combat”, 出自 Wa-Wa-Wanda: A Legend of Old Orange, New York, N.Y.: Rudd & Carleton, […], →OCLC，第 28 页:
  Here the angel ceased, and frowning, / Hurled his heavy gauntlet at him; / Hurled, as best he could, the creature, / Cringing as the Serpent cringeth, / Coiled, and with his crest uplifted; / And then prone upon his belly, / Crawled away upon his belly, [...]
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- Template:RQ:London Jerry
(不及物，比喻义) 畏惧，恐惧，恶心；(引申义)十分尴尬
(不及物) （卑微地）躬身或蹲伏，卑躬屈膝
- 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Loue of Learning; or Ouer-much Study. With a Digression of the Misery of Schollers, and Why the Muses are Melancholy.”, 出自 The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 2, member 3, subsection 15，第 113 页:
  [I]f they keepe their wits, yet they are accompted fooles by reaſon of their carriage, becauſe they cannot ride a horſe, which euery Clowne can doe; ſalute and court a Gentlewoman, carue at table, cringe and make congies, which euery common ſwaſher can doe, [...]
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版为 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，第 958–961 行s:
  And thou ſly hypocrite, who now wouldſt ſeem / Patron of liberty, who more then thou / Once fawn'd,and cring'd, and ſervilly ador'd / Heav'ns awful Monarch?
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1846, Thomas Cooper, “To the Countess of Blessington”, 出自 The Baron’s Yule Feast: A Christmas-rhyme, London: Jeremiah How, […], →OCLC:
  Lady, receive a tributary lay / 源自one who cringeth not to titled state / Conventional, and lacking will to prate / Of comeliness— [...]
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1891, Edgar Fawcett, “How a Queen Loved”, 出自 Songs of Doubt and Dream: (Poems), New York, N.Y., Toronto, Ont.: Funk & Wagnalls, →OCLC, stanza I，第 155 页:
  Humbly thou cringest that with nod of head / Couldst fling me seaward from they steepest cliffs!
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- Template:RQ:London Faith of Men
- Template:RQ:Du Bois Souls of Black Folk
(不及物，比喻义) 献媚，拍马屁；卑躬屈膝
- 1782, John Brown, “The Christian Journal of a Summer-day”, 出自 The Christian Journal; or, Common Incidents, Spiritual Instructors. […], 4th版, Edinburgh: […] Gavin Alston; [s]old by William Coke, […], →OCLC，第 119 页:
  Here the beggar accoſts me; had I appeared as himſelf, he had aſked nothing: but now he uncovers, he cringeth, he cries for relief.
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1851, Thomas Babington Macaulay, 章号 XI, 出自 The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, 第 III 卷, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC，第 105 页:
  Their [the clergy's] chief business, during a quarter of a century, had been to teach the people to cringe and the prince to domineer.
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1880年6月23日, Richard F[rancis] Burton, “The Ethnology of Modern Midian”, 出自 Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature of the United Kingdom, 第 XII (Second Series) 卷, London: John Murray, […]; Trübner and Co., […], 出版于 1882, →OCLC, part I (Notices of the Tribes of Midian, [...])，第 286 页:
  Even to the present day the Arabs consider treating a Hutaymi as unmanly as to strike a woman. When a Felláh says to another, "Tat'hattim" (= Tat'maskin, or Tat'zallí), he means, "Thou cringest, thou makest thyself contemptible (as a Hutaymi)."
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
(及物，弃用) 将...拉近(身体部位)；皱起(脸)
- Template:RQ:Nashe Lenten Stuffe
- Template:RQ:Shakespeare Antony and Cleopatra
(及物，弃用) 对...点头哈腰；（点头哈腰地）陪同

变位

cringe的变位

不定式	(to) cringe
	现在时	过去式
第一人称单数	cringe	cringed
第二人称单数	cringe, cringest¹	cringed, cringedst¹
第三人称单数	cringes, cringeth¹	cringed
复数	cringe

虚拟语气	cringe

祈使语气	cringe	—

分词	cringing	cringed

¹古旧或弃用。

其他形式

crinch (方言)

衍生词汇

参见

crouch
wince

名词

cringe (可数和不可数，复数 cringes)

(可数) 畏缩，退缩
He glanced with a cringe at the mess on his desk.
他怯生生地瞥了一眼桌上乱七八糟的东西。
(可数，比喻义) 卑躬屈膝
(可数，英国，方言) 抽筋，痉挛
(不可数，俚语) 尴尬
There was so much cringe in that episode!
那一集也太尬了。

形容词

cringe (比较级 more cringe，最高级 most cringe)

(俚语) 令人尴尬的 (指让人尴尬到不适的)
近义词：cringemaking、cringeworthy、cringybased、cringy

反义词：(网络用语) based

注释

↑ From Charles Reade (1861年)， XXXIII，The Cloister and the Hearth: A Tale of the Middle Ages，第 II (The Autobiography of a Thief) 卷，illustrated library版，Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.：Colonial Press Company, 出版于c. 1900，OCLC 247436795, illustration between pages 312 and 313.

参考资料

↑ “crenǧen, v.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
↑ 对比“cringe, v.”，OED Online ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，November 2010年; “cringe, v.”，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.
↑ “cringe, n.”，OED Online ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，November 2010年; “cringe, n.”，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.

异序词

cering, genric, rec'ing

意大利语

词源

借自英语 cringe。

名词

cringe m (无屈折)

(新词) 尴尬

波兰语

词源

非同化借词，源自英语 cringe。

发音

国际音标^(帮助): /ˈkrint͡ʂ/
音频： (档案)
韵部：-int͡ʂ
音节化：cringe
同音词：krindż

名词

cringe m 无生

(俚语) 尴尬
近义词：obciach、przypał、siara

变格

cringe 的变格

	单数	复数
主格	cringe	cringe'e
属格	cringe'u	cringe'ów
与格	cringe'owi	cringe'om
宾格	cringe	cringe'e
工具格	cringe'em	cringe'ami
方位格	cringe'u	cringe'ach
呼格	cringe'u	cringe'e

延伸阅读

参见cringe 在 Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN 中的内容
参见波兰语词典PWN上有关cringe的内容

西班牙语

词源

借自英语 cringe。

名词

cringe m (复数 cringe)

(新词) 尴尬

形容词

cringe (无屈折)

(新词) 令人尴尬的

[n1-1] From Charles Reade (1861年)， XXXIII，The Cloister and the Hearth: A Tale of the Middle Ages，第 II (The Autobiography of a Thief) 卷，illustrated library版，Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.：Colonial Press Company, 出版于c. 1900，OCLC 247436795, illustration between pages 312 and 313.

[2] “crenǧen, v.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

[3] 对比“cringe, v.”，OED Online ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，November 2010年; “cringe, v.”，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.

[4] “cringe, n.”，OED Online ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，November 2010年; “cringe, n.”，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.

[n 1]

[1]

[2]

[3]