cringe

英語

詞源

A former nun working as a prostitute cringes (sense 1) in terror and remorse before Clement, a Dominican friar, who seeks to help her return to the convent, an episode from Charles Reade’s novel The Cloister and the Hearth (1861).
一個曾是修女的的妓女因恐懼和悔恨而畏縮（詞義1）於牆角，其面前是Clement，一個多明我會的修士，其正試圖幫助前者返回女修道院。出自Charles Reade所著的一本小說The Cloister and the Hearth（1861年）。^{[n 1]}

動詞派生自中古英語 crengen (「高傲地俯身，屈尊」) [以及其他形式]，^[1]源自古英語 *crenċan、*crenċġan、*crengan (「使...倒下，使翻轉」)，crinċġan (「屈服；畏縮；倒下；死亡」)的使役動詞，^[2]源自原始日耳曼語 *krangijaną (「使倒下」)，源自原始日耳曼語 *kringaną、*krinkaną (「倒下；翻轉；屈服」)（源自原始印歐語 *grenǵʰ- (「翻轉」)）+ *-janą (從強變化動詞構成「導致某人某物做某事」一意的使役動詞)。英語詞與丹麥語 krænge (「翻出內側，使...外翻」)、荷蘭語 krengen (「猛然轉向」)、低地蘇格蘭語 crenge、creenge、creinge、crienge (「畏縮，聳肩」)、瑞典語 kränga (「猛然轉向；猛然前傾；擲」)和西弗里斯蘭語 kringe (「捏；戳；推；堅持，催促」)同源，且是crinkle 的同源對似詞。

名詞^[3]和形容詞派生自動詞。

發音

(標準英音，通用美式) 國際音標^(幫助): /kɹɪnd͡ʒ/
（通用美式）音頻： (檔案)
韻部：-ɪndʒ

動詞

cringe (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 cringes，現在分詞 cringing，一般過去時及過去分詞 cringed)

(不及物) 畏縮，退縮
He cringed as the bird collided with the window.
那隻鳥撞到窗子上，讓他[嚇得]縮了一下身子。
- Template:RQ:Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress
- Template:RQ:Melville Moby-Dick
- 1860, [John B. Newman], 「The Combat」, 出自 Wa-Wa-Wanda: A Legend of Old Orange, New York, N.Y.: Rudd & Carleton, […], →OCLC，第 28 頁:
  Here the angel ceased, and frowning, / Hurled his heavy gauntlet at him; / Hurled, as best he could, the creature, / Cringing as the Serpent cringeth, / Coiled, and with his crest uplifted; / And then prone upon his belly, / Crawled away upon his belly, [...]
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- Template:RQ:London Jerry
(不及物，比喻義) 畏懼，恐懼，噁心；(引申義)十分尷尬
(不及物) （卑微地）躬身或蹲伏，卑躬屈膝
- 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], 「Loue of Learning; or Ouer-much Study. With a Digression of the Misery of Schollers, and Why the Muses are Melancholy.」, 出自 The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 2, member 3, subsection 15，第 113 頁:
  [I]f they keepe their wits, yet they are accompted fooles by reaſon of their carriage, becauſe they cannot ride a horſe, which euery Clowne can doe; ſalute and court a Gentlewoman, carue at table, cringe and make congies, which euery common ſwaſher can doe, [...]
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1667, John Milton, 「Book IV」, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，第 958–961 行s:
  And thou ſly hypocrite, who now wouldſt ſeem / Patron of liberty, who more then thou / Once fawn'd,and cring'd, and ſervilly ador'd / Heav'ns awful Monarch?
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1846, Thomas Cooper, 「To the Countess of Blessington」, 出自 The Baron’s Yule Feast: A Christmas-rhyme, London: Jeremiah How, […], →OCLC:
  Lady, receive a tributary lay / 源自one who cringeth not to titled state / Conventional, and lacking will to prate / Of comeliness— [...]
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1891, Edgar Fawcett, 「How a Queen Loved」, 出自 Songs of Doubt and Dream: (Poems), New York, N.Y., Toronto, Ont.: Funk & Wagnalls, →OCLC, stanza I，第 155 頁:
  Humbly thou cringest that with nod of head / Couldst fling me seaward from they steepest cliffs!
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- Template:RQ:London Faith of Men
- Template:RQ:Du Bois Souls of Black Folk
(不及物，比喻義) 獻媚，拍馬屁；卑躬屈膝
- 1782, John Brown, 「The Christian Journal of a Summer-day」, 出自 The Christian Journal; or, Common Incidents, Spiritual Instructors. […], 4th版, Edinburgh: […] Gavin Alston; [s]old by William Coke, […], →OCLC，第 119 頁:
  Here the beggar accoſts me; had I appeared as himſelf, he had aſked nothing: but now he uncovers, he cringeth, he cries for relief.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1851, Thomas Babington Macaulay, 章號 XI, 出自 The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, 第 III 卷, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC，第 105 頁:
  Their [the clergy's] chief business, during a quarter of a century, had been to teach the people to cringe and the prince to domineer.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1880年6月23日, Richard F[rancis] Burton, 「The Ethnology of Modern Midian」, 出自 Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature of the United Kingdom, 第 XII (Second Series) 卷, London: John Murray, […]; Trübner and Co., […], 出版於 1882, →OCLC, part I (Notices of the Tribes of Midian, [...])，第 286 頁:
  Even to the present day the Arabs consider treating a Hutaymi as unmanly as to strike a woman. When a Felláh says to another, "Tat'hattim" (= Tat'maskin, or Tat'zallí), he means, "Thou cringest, thou makest thyself contemptible (as a Hutaymi)."
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
(及物，棄用) 將...拉近(身體部位)；皺起(臉)
- Template:RQ:Nashe Lenten Stuffe
- Template:RQ:Shakespeare Antony and Cleopatra
(及物，棄用) 對...點頭哈腰；（點頭哈腰地）陪同

變位

cringe的變位

不定式	(to) cringe
	現在時	過去式
第一人稱單數	cringe	cringed
第二人稱單數	cringe, cringest¹	cringed, cringedst¹
第三人稱單數	cringes, cringeth¹	cringed
複數	cringe

虛擬語氣	cringe

祈使語氣	cringe	—

分詞	cringing	cringed

¹古舊或棄用。

其他形式

crinch (方言)

衍生詞彙

參見

crouch
wince

名詞

cringe (可數和不可數，複數 cringes)

(可數) 畏縮，退縮
He glanced with a cringe at the mess on his desk.
他怯生生地瞥了一眼桌上亂七八糟的東西。
(可數，比喻義) 卑躬屈膝
(可數，英國，方言) 抽筋，痙攣
(不可數，俚語) 尷尬
There was so much cringe in that episode!
那一集也太尬了。

形容詞

cringe (比較級 more cringe，最高級 most cringe)

(俚語) 令人尷尬的 (指讓人尷尬到不適的)
近義詞：cringemaking、cringeworthy、cringybased、cringy

反義詞：(網絡用語) based

注釋

↑ From Charles Reade (1861年)， XXXIII，The Cloister and the Hearth: A Tale of the Middle Ages，第 II (The Autobiography of a Thief) 卷，illustrated library版，Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.：Colonial Press Company, 出版於c. 1900，OCLC 247436795, illustration between pages 312 and 313.

參考資料

↑ 「crenǧen, v.」 in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
↑ 對比「cringe, v.」，OED Online ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，November 2010年; 「cringe, v.」，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.
↑ 「cringe, n.」，OED Online ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，November 2010年; 「cringe, n.」，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.

異序詞

cering, genric, rec'ing

意大利語

詞源

借自英語 cringe。

名詞

cringe m (無屈折)

(新詞) 尷尬

波蘭語

詞源

非同化借詞，源自英語 cringe。

發音

國際音標^(幫助): /ˈkrint͡ʂ/
音頻： (檔案)
韻部：-int͡ʂ
音節化：cringe
同音詞：krindż

名詞

cringe m 無生

(俚語) 尷尬
近義詞：obciach、przypał、siara

變格

cringe 的變格

	單數	複數
主格	cringe	cringe'e
屬格	cringe'u	cringe'ów
與格	cringe'owi	cringe'om
賓格	cringe	cringe'e
工具格	cringe'em	cringe'ami
方位格	cringe'u	cringe'ach
呼格	cringe'u	cringe'e

延伸閱讀

參見cringe 在 Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN 中的內容
參見波蘭語詞典PWN上有關cringe的內容

西班牙語

詞源

借自英語 cringe。

名詞

cringe m (複數 cringe)

(新詞) 尷尬

形容詞

cringe (無屈折)

(新詞) 令人尷尬的

[n1-1] From Charles Reade (1861年)， XXXIII，The Cloister and the Hearth: A Tale of the Middle Ages，第 II (The Autobiography of a Thief) 卷，illustrated library版，Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.：Colonial Press Company, 出版於c. 1900，OCLC 247436795, illustration between pages 312 and 313.

[2] 「crenǧen, v.」 in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

[3] 對比「cringe, v.」，OED Online ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，November 2010年; 「cringe, v.」，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.

[4] 「cringe, n.」，OED Online ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，November 2010年; 「cringe, n.」，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.

[n 1]

[1]

[2]

[3]