维基词典

dico

法語

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詞源

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dictionnaire的縮略。 + -o。

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名詞

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dico m (複數 dicos) (clipping)

  1. (非正式) 詞典
    J’adore ce dico! ― 我喜歡這本詞典！

拓展閱讀

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意大利語

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動詞

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dico

  1. dire 的第一人稱單數現在時

拉丁語

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詞源1

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源自原始意大利語 *deikō ← 原始印歐語 *déyḱti (“指出”)。完成時派生自原始印歐語 *dḗyḱst。

與奧斯坎語 𐌃𐌄𐌝𐌊𐌖𐌌 (deíkum, “指出”), 梵語 दिशति (diśati), 古希臘語 δείκνυμι (deíknumi), 古英語 tǣċan (英語teach)等同源。

其他寫法

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dīcō (现在时不定式 dīcere，完成时主动式 dīxī，目的动名词 dictum)；第三类变位, 不规则短命令式

  1. 說；提到；談
    Salūtem dīcit. ― 他說你好。 (字面意思是「He says health.」)
    • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.1.3:
      dixitque Deus fiat lux et facta est lux
      神說要有光。於是就有了光。
    近義詞：āiō、for、loquor
  2. 宣稱，宣佈.
    1. 確認，斷言
  3. 告訴
  4. 任命
  5. 命名，稱……為
  6. 〈法〉(+ ad) 辯護
  7. 指
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   dīcō (第三類變位, 不規則短命令式)的變位
直陳式 單數 複數
第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱
主動 現在時 dīcō dīcis dīcit dīcimus dīcitis dīcunt
未完成過去時 dīcēbam dīcēbās dīcēbat dīcēbāmus dīcēbātis dīcēbant
將來時 dīcam,
dīcēbō2 		dīcēs dīcet,
dīcēbit2 		dīcēmus dīcētis dīcent
完成時 dīxī dīxistī dīxit dīximus dīxistis dīxērunt,
dīxēre
過去完成時 dīxeram dīxerās dīxerat dīxerāmus dīxerātis dīxerant
將來完成時 dīxerō dīxeris dīxerit dīxerimus dīxeritis dīxerint
希臘式s型將來時1 dīxō dīxis dīxit dīximus dīxitis dīxint
被動 現在時 dīcor dīceris,
dīcere 		dīcitur dīcimur dīciminī dīcuntur
未完成過去時 dīcēbar dīcēbāris,
dīcēbāre 		dīcēbātur dīcēbāmur dīcēbāminī dīcēbantur
將來時 dīcar dīcēris,
dīcēre 		dīcētur dīcēmur dīcēminī dīcentur
完成時 dictus + 現在主動直陳形 of sum
過去完成時 dictus + 未完成主動直陳形 of sum
將來完成時 dictus + 將來主動直陳形 of sum
虛擬式 單數 複數
第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱
主動 現在時 dīcam dīcās dīcat dīcāmus dīcātis dīcant
未完成過去時 dīcerem dīcerēs dīceret dīcerēmus dīcerētis dīcerent
完成時 dīxerim dīxerīs dīxerit dīxerīmus dīxerītis dīxerint
過去完成時 dīxissem dīxissēs dīxisset dīxissēmus dīxissētis dīxissent
希臘式s型不定過去時1 dīxim dīxīs dīxīt dīxīmus dīxītis dīxint
被動 現在時 dīcar dīcāris,
dīcāre 		dīcātur dīcāmur dīcāminī dīcantur
未完成過去時 dīcerer dīcerēris,
dīcerēre 		dīcerētur dīcerēmur dīcerēminī dīcerentur
完成時 dictus + 現在主動虛擬形 of sum
過去完成時 dictus + 未完成主動虛擬形 of sum
命令式 單數 複數
第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱
主動 現在時 — dīc,
dīce2 		— — dīcite —
將來時 — dīcitō dīcitō — dīcitōte dīcuntō
被動 現在時 — dīcere — — dīciminī —
將來時 — dīcitor dīcitor — — dīcuntor
非定形 主動 被動
現在時 完成時 將來時 現在時 完成時 將來時
不定式 dīcere dīxisse dictūrum esse dīcī,
dīcier3 		dictum esse dictum īrī
分詞 dīcēns — dictūrus — dictus dīcendus,
dīcundus
動詞性名詞 動名詞 目的分詞
屬格 與格 賓格 奪格 賓格 奪格
dīcendī dīcendō dīcendum dīcendō dictum dictū

1至少有一個古老的「希臘式s型將來時」和「希臘式s型不定過去時」的用例有文獻記載，這些形式被古拉丁語作家使用，最著名的是普勞圖斯和泰倫提烏斯。希臘式s型將來時通常表達將來時或將來完成時的含義，而希臘式s型不定過去時則表達可能的願望（「可能想要」）。
2古舊。
3帶有 -ier 的現在時被動不定式是一種罕見的詩歌形式，有文獻記載。

〈旧〉:

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詞源2

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可能源自*dex (見於index > indicō, iūdex > iūdicō, vindex > vindicō)，源自原始印歐語 *deyḱ-s，源自*deyḱ- (“展示”)，參見詞源1dīcō。

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動詞

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dicō (现在时不定式 dicāre，完成时主动式 dicāvī，目的动名词 dicātum)；第一类变位

  1. 奉獻
  2. 聖化
  3. 分配
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变位

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    第一变位动词
直陈式 单数 复数
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
主动 现在时 dicō dicās dicat dicāmus dicātis dicant
将来时 dicābō dicābis dicābit dicābimus dicābitis dicābunt
未完成过去时 dicābam dicābās dicābat dicābāmus dicābātis dicābant
完成时 dicāvī dicāvistī dicāvit dicāvimus dicāvistis dicāvērunt
将来完成时 dicāverō dicāveris dicāverit dicāverimus dicāveritis dicāverint
过去完成时 dicāveram dicāverās dicāverat dicāverāmus dicāverātis dicāverant
被动 现在时 dicor dicāris dicātur dicāmur dicāminī dicantur
将来时 dicābor dicāberis dicābitur dicābimur dicābiminī dicābuntur
未完成过去时 dicābar dicābāris dicābātur dicābāmur dicābāminī dicābantur
完成时 dicātus〈陽〉、dicāta〈陰〉、dicātum〈中〉后接 sum 的现在直陈式。
将来完成时 dicātus〈陽〉、dicāta〈陰〉、dicātum〈中〉后接 sum 的将来直陈式。
过去完成时 dicātus〈陽〉、dicāta〈陰〉、dicātum〈中〉后接 sum 的未完成过去时直陈式。
虚拟式 单数 复数
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
主动 现在时 dicem dicēs dicet dicēmus dicētis dicent
未完成过去时 dicārem dicārēs dicāret dicārēmus dicārētis dicārent
完成时 dicāverim dicāverīs dicāverit dicāverīmus dicāverītis dicāverint
过去完成时 dicāvissem dicāvissēs dicāvisset dicāvissēmus dicāvissētis dicāvissent
被动 现在时 dicer dicēris dicētur dicēmur dicēminī dicentur
未完成过去时 dicārer dicārēris dicārētur dicārēmur dicārēminī dicārentur
完成时 dicātus〈陽〉、dicāta〈陰〉、dicātum〈中〉后接 sum 的现在虚拟式。
过去完成时 dicātus〈陽〉、dicāta〈陰〉、dicātum〈中〉后接 sum 的未完成过去时虚拟式。
命令式 主动 被动
现在时（你） 将来时（你） 将来时（他/她） 现在时（你） 将来时（你） 将来时（他/她）
单数 dicā dicātō dicātō dicāre dicātor dicātor
复数 dicāte dicātōte dicantō dicāminī — dicantor
现在时 完成时 将来时 现在时 完成时 将来时
不定式 dicāre dicāvisse dicātūrus esse dicārī dicātus esse dicātum īrī
分词 dicāns (dicantis) — dicātūrus-ra, -rum — dicātus-a, -um dicandus-nda, -ndum
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參考資料

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  • dico in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
  • “dico”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891年) An Elementary Latin Dictionary，New York：Harper & Brothers
  • dico在Charles du Fresne du Cange的Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
  • dico在Gaffiot, Félix (1934年) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français (拉丁語-法語詳解詞典)，Hachette中的內容
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894年) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1]，London：Macmillan and Co.
    • to appoint a date for an interview: diem dicere colloquio
    • to whisper something in a person's ears: in aurem alicui dicere (insusurrare) aliquid
    • I heard him say..: ex eo audivi, cum diceret
    • every one says: vulgo dicitur, pervulgatum est
    • give me your opinion: dic quid sentias
    • to speak the truth, admit the truth: verum dicere, profiteri
    • to be truthful in all one's statements: omnia ad veritatem dicere
    • to have a superficial knowledge, a smattering of literature, of the sciences: primis (ut dicitur) or primoribus labris gustare or attingere litteras
    • to contradict some one: dicere contra aliquem or aliquid (not contradicere alicui)
    • they say; it is commonly said: tradunt, dicunt, ferunt
    • to speak extempore: subito, ex tempore (opp. ex praeparato) dicere
    • to speak very fluently: copiose dicere
    • to speak well, elegantly: ornate dicere
    • to speak frankly, independently: libere dicere (Verr. 2. 72. 176)
    • to speak openly, straightforwardly: plane, aperte dicere
    • to speak in clear, expressive language: perspicue, diserte dicere
    • to speak without circumlocution: missis ambagibus dicere
    • to be a persuasive speaker: accommodate ad persuadendum dicere
    • (1) to speak vehemently, passionately; (2) to speak pompously, boastfully: magnifice loqui, dicere
    • to speak at great length on a subject, discuss very fully: fusius, uberius, copiosius disputare, dicere de aliqua re
    • to read a speech: de scripto orationem habere, dicere (opp. sine scripto, ex memoria)
    • I said it in jest: haec iocatus sum, per iocum dixi
    • to be witty: facete dicere
    • to indulge in apt witticisms: facete et commode dicere
    • to make jokes on a person: dicta dicere in aliquem
    • to say in earnest..: serio dicere (Plaut. Bacch. 1. 1. 42)
    • to say only a few words: pauca dicere (pauca verba dicere only of the orator)
    • the word amicitia comes from amare: nomen amicitiae (or simply amicitia) dicitur ab amando
    • to be used in speaking of a thing: in aliqua re dici
    • anger is defined as a passionate desire for revenge: iracundiam sic (ita) definiunt, ut ulciscendi libidinem esse dicant or ut u. libido sit or iracundiam sic definiunt, ulc. libidinem
    • the word aemulatio is employed with two meanings, in a good and a bad sense: aemulatio dupliciter dicitur, ut et in laude et in vitio hoc nomen sit
    • as the proverb says: ut or quod or quomodo aiunt, ut or quemadmodum dicitur
    • Cicero says in his 'Laelius.: Cicero dicit in Laelio (suo) or in eo (not suo) libro, qui inscribitur Laelius
    • our (not noster) author tells us at this point: scriptor hoc loco dicit
    • Cicero says this somewhere: Cicero loco quodam haec dicit
    • to lose one's composure; to be disconcerted: de gradu deici, ut dicitur
    • to love some one very dearly, with all one's heart: aliquem toto pectore, ut dicitur, amare (Leg. 18. 49)
    • to tell lies: mendacium dicere
    • to tell lies: falsa (pro veris) dicere
    • to greet a person: salutem alicui dicere, impertire, nuntiare
    • Cicero sends cordial greetings to Atticus: Cicero Attico S.D.P. (salutem dicit plurimam)
    • to separate, be divorced (used of man or woman): repudium dicere or scribere alicui
    • to support a bill (before the people): pro lege dicere
    • to name a person dictator: dictatorem dicere (creare)
    • a dictator appoints a magister equitum: dictator dicit (legit) magistrum equitum
    • to give an opinion (also used of a judge, cf. sect. VI. 4): sententiam dicere
    • to administer justice (said of the praetor): ius dicere
    • to summon some one to appear on a given day; to accuse a person: diem dicere alicui
    • to give evidence on some one's behalf: testimonium dicere pro aliquo
    • to state as evidence: pro testimonio dicere
    • to address the court (of the advocate): causam dicere, orare (Brut. 12. 47)
    • to defend oneself before the judge (of the accused): causam dicere
    • to defend a person: causam dicere pro aliquo
    • to give sentence (of the judge, cf. sect. VI. 4, note Not...): sententiam ferre, dicere (Off. 3. 16. 66)
    • to take the military oath: sacramentum (o) dicere (vid. sect. XI. 2, note sacramentum...)
    • to dictate the terms of peace to some one: pacis condiciones dare, dicere alicui (Liv. 29. 12)
    • to sum up..: ut eorum, quae dixi, summam faciam
    • I will only say this much..: tantum or unum illud or hoc dico
    • this can be said of..., applies to..: hoc dici potest de aliqua re
    • I said en passant, by the way: dixi quasi praeteriens or in transitu
    • I have said it a thousand times: sexcenties, millies dixi
    • （模糊）as I said above: ut supra (opp. infra) diximus, dictum est
    • I cannot find words for..: dici vix (non) potest or vix potest dici (vix like non always before potest)
    • I avoid mentioning...; I prefer not to touch upon..: supersedeo oratione (not dicere)
    • I avoid mentioning...; I prefer not to touch upon..: omitto dicere
    • （模糊）this I have to say: haec habeo dicere or habeo quae dicam
    • he spoke (very much) as follows: haec (fere) dixit
    • the tenor of his speech was this..: hanc in sententiam dixit
    • which I can say without offence, arrogance: quod non arroganter dixerim
    • allow me to say: pace tua dixerim or dicere liceat
    • allow me to say: bona (cum) venia tua dixerim
    • （模糊）so much for this subject...; enough has been said on..: ac (sed) de ... satis dixi, dictum est
    • （模糊）a short, pointed witticism: breviter et commode dictum
    • （模糊）a witticism, bon mot: facete dictum
    • （模糊）a far-fetched joke: arcessitum dictum (De Or. 2. 63. 256)
    • （模糊）so to speak (used to modify a figurative expression): ut ita dicam
    • （模糊）not to mention..: ut non (nihil) dicam de...
    • （模糊）to say nothing further on..: ut plura non dicam
    • （模糊）not to say... (used in avoiding a stronger expression): ne dicam
    • （模糊）to say the least..: ne (quid) gravius dicam
    • （模糊）to put it briefly: ut breviter dicam
    • （模糊）to use the mildest expression: ut levissime dicam (opp. ut gravissimo verbo utar)
    • （模糊）to express myself more plainly: ut planius dicam
    • （模糊）to put it more exactly: ut verius dicam
    • （模糊）to say once for all: ut semel or in perpetuum dicam
    • （模糊）I will give you my true opinion: dicam quod sentio
    • （模糊）as I said above: ut supra (opp. infra) diximus, dictum est
    • （模糊）this I have to say: haec habeo dicere or habeo quae dicam
    • （模糊）so much for this subject...; enough has been said on..: ac (sed) de ... satis dixi, dictum est
    • （模糊）there is something in what you say; you are more or less right: aliquid (τι) dicis (opp. nihil dicis)
    • （模糊）what do you mean: quorsum haec (dicis)?
    • （模糊）it is incredible: monstra dicis, narras
  • Sihler, Andrew L. (1995年) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin，Oxford, New York：Oxford University Press，ISBN 0195083458
  • Pokorny, Julius (1959年) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [印歐語詞源詞典] (德語)，Bern, München：Francke Verlag
来自“https://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=dico&oldid=8783619”