melancholy

英語

繼承自中古英語 malencolie，來自古法語 melancolie，來自古希臘語 μελαγχολία (melankholía，“atrabiliousness”)，來自μέλας (mélas)、μελαν- (melan-，“黑色，黑暗，陰暗”) + χολή (kholḗ，“膽汁”)。對照拉丁語 ātra bīlis (“黑膽汁”)。形容詞用法是中古英語的創新，可能受到後綴-y、-ly的影響。

melancholy (可數和不可數，複數 melancholies)

(歷史) 黑膽汁
- 1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，第2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:
  , Bk.I, New York 2001, p.148:
  Melancholy, cold and dry, thick, black, and sour, […] is a bridle to the other two hot humours, blood and choler, preserving them in the blood, and nourishing the bones.
憂鬱，悲哀
- Template:RQ:Shakespeare Henry 6-2
- Template:RQ:Shakespeare As You Like It
- 1831，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 VI, in Romance and Reality. […]，卷 III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC，頁 111:
  "The ancients referred melancholy to the mind, the moderns make it matter of digestion—to either case my plan applies," said Lady Mandeville.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1936 Sept. 15, F. Scott Fitzgerald, letter to Beatrice Dance:
  As to Ernest... He is quite as nervously broken down as I am but it manifests itself in different ways. His inclination is towards megalomania and mine towards melancholy.

melancholy (比較級 more melancholy，最高級 most melancholy)