bristle

参见：Bristle

英语

词源

源自中古英语 bristil、bristel、brustel，源自古英语 bristl、*brystl、*byrstel，源自原始西日耳曼语 *burstilu，原始西日耳曼语 *bursti的指小词，源自原始日耳曼语 *burstiz（对比荷兰语 borstel、德语 Borste (“野猪的鬓毛”)、冰岛语 burst），源自原始印欧语 *bʰr̥stís（对比中古爱尔兰语 brostaid (“招惹”)、拉丁语 fastīgium (“顶部的”)、波兰语 barszcz (“猪草”)），等价于brust +‎ -le。

发音

• 国际音标^(帮助): /ˈbɹɪsəl/

  • （英国南部）音频：

    (档案)

• (过时，新英格兰和纽约上州农村口音) 国际音标^(帮助): /ˈbɹʌsəl/
• (过时，美国南部农村口音) 国际音标^(帮助): /ˈbɹɪstəl/

• （美国）音频：

  (档案)

• 韵部：-ɪsəl

名词

bristle (复数 bristles)

1. 短而硬的毛，鬃毛

   the bristles of a pig

   猪的鬃毛

2. 刚毛
3. （刷子、扫把等上的）毛

衍生词汇

• basal bristle
• bristlecone
• bristle moss
• bristle snail
• bristlet
• bristle-tail
• bristle worm
• yellow bristle grass

 

动词

bristle (第三人称单数简单现在时 bristles，现在分词 bristling，一般过去时及过去分词 bristled)

1. （像硬的毛一样）竖起
   • Template:RQ:Scott Lay of the Last Minstrel
   • 1929, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Disintegration Machine‎^[2]:

     He sat down with his elbows upon the desk, his gorilla hands clasped together, his beard bristling forward, and his big grey eyes, half-covered by his drooping lids, fixed benignly upon me.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

2. 充满，满是，多得突出来
   • 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, 章号 5, 出自 Vanity Fair. A Novel without a Hero, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], 出版于 1848, →OCLC:

     the hill of La Haye Sainte bristling with ten thousand bayonets

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, 章号 2, 出自 The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, 第 (please specify |volume=I to V) 卷s, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

     ports bristling with thousands of masts

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 2020年8月1日, David Hytner, “Aubameyang at the double as Arsenal turn tables on Chelsea to win FA Cup”, 出自 The Guardian‎^[3]:

     Kieran Tierney did not want to risk a challenge on Pulisic, who darted on to the ball with far greater purpose, and the dink over Emi Martínez bristled with composure.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

3. （带at）警惕，警觉，惧怕

   The employees bristled at the prospect of working through the holidays.

   员工们害怕整个假期都要工作。

   • Template:RQ:Shakespeare King John
   • 2013年6月22日, “Engineers of a different kind”, 出自 The Economist, 第 407 卷, 第 8841 期，第 70 页:

     Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. Piling debt onto companies’ balance-sheets is only a small part of what leveraged buy-outs are about, they insist. Improving the workings of the businesses they take over is just as core to their calling, if not more so. Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 2021年5月5日, Barry Doe, “The Independent has a better grasp than GWR's spokesman”, 出自 RAIL, 第 930 期，第 58 页:

     If only the industry could be honest and explain why it has been forced, owing to government policies, to increase fares over the quarter century since privatisation. Instead, it is defensive and clearly bristles with annoyance when someone merely states the facts.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

4. 将毛固定到

   to bristle a thread

   （请为本使用例添加中文翻译）

衍生词汇

• bristling

参考资料

• OneLook 在线词典 上有关 bristle 的释义

异序词

• Bitlers, Liberts, blister, reblits, riblets