coward

参见：Coward

英语

词源

源自中古英语 coward，源自古法语 coart、cuard（→法语 couard），源自coue、coe (“尾巴”) + -ard (贬义施动者名词后缀)。其中，coue、coe，源自拉丁语 cauda。可能指的是动物“转尾巴的方向或夹着尾巴（逃跑）”，尤其是狗。与英语 cower无关。取代了本土词古英语 earg。

发音

• (英国) 英语发音：kou'əd、国际音标^(帮助): /ˈkaʊəd/

  • （英国）音频：

    (档案)

• (美国) 英语发音：kou'ərd、国际音标^(帮助): /ˈkaʊɚd/

  • （美国）音频：

    (档案)

• 断字：co‧ward
• 同音词：cowered

名词

coward (复数 cowards)

1. 懦夫，胆小鬼
   • c. 1599, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Ivlivs Cæsar”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies, London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版于 1623, →OCLC, Act II, scene ii，第 117, column 1 页:

     Cowards dye many times before their deaths, / The valiant neuer taſte of death but once: […]

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 1856: Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary, Part II Chapter IV, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling

     He tortured himself to find out how he could make his declaration to her, and always halting between the fear of displeasing her and the shame of being such a coward, he wept with discouragement and desire. Then he took energetic resolutions, wrote letters that he tore up, put it off to times that he again deferred.

近义词

• chicken
• scaredy pants
• yellowbelly
• 见Thesaurus:coward

衍生词汇

• cowardess
• cowardice
• cowardly
• God hates a coward

 

形容词

coward (比较级 more coward，最高级 most coward)

A lion coward.

1. 胆小的，怯懦的

   近义词：cowardly

   • Template:RQ:Montaigne Florio Essayes
   • 大约1605 William Shakespeare, King Lear, Act II, Scene 4,^[1]

     He rais’d the house with loud and coward cries.

   • 1709, Matthew Prior, “Celia to Damon” in Poems on Several Occasions, London: Jacob Tonson, 2nd edition, p. 89,^[2]

     Invading Fears repel my Coward Joy;

     And Ills foreseen the pleasant Bliss destroy.

2. (纹章学，指狮子图案) 在腿间有两条尾巴的

动词

coward (第三人称单数简单现在时 cowards，现在分词 cowarding，一般过去时及过去分词 cowarded)

1. (及物，弃用) 恫吓
   • 1820, John Chalkhill, Thealma and Clearchus:

     The first he coped with was their captain, whom / His sword sent headless to seek out a tomb. / This cowarded the valour of the rest, […]

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

参考资料

• Template:R:Britannica 1911

中古英语

词源 1

借自古法语 coart，等价于古法语 coe (“尾巴”) +‎ -ard。对比taylarde。

其他形式

• couard, couward, cowart, cowerde, coword, cuward, kowarde

发音

• 国际音标^(帮助): /ˈkuːard/, /ˈkɔu̯ard/

名词

coward

1. 懦夫
2. (罕用) 傻子

相关词汇

• cowardie
• cowardise
• cowardly
• cowardnesse

派生语汇

• 英语: coward
• 低地苏格兰语: cooart，coort

参考资料

• “cǒuard, n.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

形容词

coward

1. 胆小的
2. (罕用) 愚蠢的

派生语汇

• 英语: coward

参考资料

• “cǒuard, adj.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

词源 2

名词

coward

1. couherde的另一种写法