triangulation

英语编辑

词源编辑

People determining the width of a river by triangulation (sense 1)Template:Refn

A triangulation (sense 4) of the surface of a torus

源自中世纪拉丁语 triangulātiōnem (“三角化”)，来自triangulāre (“分成三角形”) + -tiōnem (后缀，形成某些行为或行为结果有关的名词)。Triangulāre源自triangulāris (“三角形的”)，来自triangulus (“三角形的；三角形”)，来自trēs (“三”) + angulus (“角；角落”)。英语单词可分析为triangulate +‎ -ion，与法语 triangulation同源。^[1]

发音编辑

(标准英音) 国际音标^(帮助)：/tɹʌɪaŋɡjʊˈleɪʃn̩/
(通用美式) 国际音标^(帮助)：/ˌtɹaɪˌæŋɡjəˈleɪʃən/
音频 (澳洲) （文档）
韵部：-eɪʃən
断字：tri‧an‧gu‧lat‧ion

名词编辑

triangulation (可数和不可数，复数 triangulations)

(不可数，测量学) 三角测量；(可数) 使用这种技术的实例
- 1839 6月 14, T. B. Jervis, “IV. Some Account of the Progress of the Trigonometrical Survey Now Carrying On in India. Extracted from the Correspondence of Colonel Everest, and Communicated by Major T. B. Jervis.”, 出自 Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, […], 卷 IV, 期 24, London: Printed by Moyes and Barclay, […], →OCLC，页号 208:
  The season of 1835–36 was employed in carrying on the triangulation; in which Colonel [George] Everest was much impeded by a long continuance of hazy and cloudy weather. It appears, however, that the principal triangulation was brought down to the line from Juktipura to Pagara; […]
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- 1843 2月 9, John B. Aycrigg, “Notes”, 出自 Report of John B. Aycrigg, (Made to the House of Representatives on the 9th February, 1843,) Submitted as an Individual Member of the Committee on the Coast Survey, […] (Report No. 170), Washington, D.C.: Printed at the National Intelligencer Office, 出版于 19 February 1843, →OCLC, note 19，页号s 32–33:
  Russia began under Catherine II, and has since constantly either taken up at different points or extended the triangulations successively made, with always more perfection of men of science. Now, these triangulations form a fully connected series from north of the arctic circle to south of Dorpat.
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- 1849 January–March, “Stated Meeting, January 19”, 出自 Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, […], 卷 V, 期 42, Philadelphia, Pa.: Published for the [American Philosophical] Society, [b]y John C. Clark, […], 出版于 1854, →ISSN, →OCLC，页号s 57–58:
  The original base lines, which form the starting points of the survey, require to be measured by apparatus of the most delicate nature, since any error, committed in the early part of this work, will necessarily be multiplied throughout the series of triangulations which rest upon it. […] Nor is less precision necessary in the measurement of the angles of the primary and secondary triangulations, which serve as checks upon each other, since the position of any point in the former is determined by each of these series.
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(可数，测量学) 使用三角测量得到的网状图，是航图或地图的基础
- 1860 11月 29, Henry James, “Appendix. [Official Correspondence, Letter C.]”, 出自 Extension of the Triangulation of the Ordnance Survey into France and Belgium […], London: Printed by George Edward Eyre and William Spottiswoode, […], for Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 出版于 1863, →OCLC, paragraphs 1–2，页号s 57–58:
  […] I have placed myself in communication with the Astronomer Royal, for the purpose of considering the steps necessary to be taken to effect the connexion required, between the triangulation of Great Britain and that of Belgium. […] I have also placed myself in communication with General Nerenburger, Director of the Dêpot de la Guerre at Brussels, and have received from him the diagram of the Belgian triangulation, with descriptions of the stations with which it is necessary to connect our triangulation, and we possess a copy of the triangulation of France.
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(可数，国际象棋) 三点等著的迫移技巧
- 1961, Gerald Abrahams, “Kings and Ascending Pawns”, 出自 Technique in Chess, London: G[eorge] Bell and Sons, →OCLC; 再版 New York, N.Y.: Dover Publications, 1973, →ISBN，页号s 76 and 77:
  [page 76] At this point, it may be useful to refer to a word that has been used in connection with earlier examples. The King has been said to indulge in a process called Triangulation. The word is harder than the idea. The basic fact is that the King can move to an adjacent square in one move, two moves or three moves, without returning to its point of origin. […] [page 77] This diagram […] shows a position where the triangulation is vital.
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(可数，几何学) 将平面物体细分为三角形，进而使更高维度的几何物体变为单体
- 2002 March, Francisco Santos, “Triangulations of Oriented Matroids”, 出自 Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society, 卷 156, 期 741, Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, chapter 5 (Lifting Triangulations)，页号 59:
  Regular triangulations are a class in-between lifting and lexicographic triangulations. Their main draw-back in the context of this paper is that regularity depends on the specific realization and not only on the oriented matroid.
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- 2010, Jésus A[ntonio] De Loera, Jörg Rambau, Francisco Santos, “Triangulations in Mathematics”, 出自 Triangulations: Structures for Algorithms and Applications (Algorithms and Computation in Mathematics; 25), Heidelberg, Dordrecht: Springer Verlag, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, definition 1.0.1，页号 1:
  A triangulation of a point configuration $\mathbf {A} \in \mathbb {R} ^{d}$ is a collection of d-simplices all of whose vertices are points in $\mathbf {A}$ that satisfies the following two properties: 1. The union of all these simplices equals conv $(\mathbf {A} )$ . (Union Property) 2. Any pair of these simplices intersects in a common face (possibly empty). (Intersection Property)
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(不可数，导航，地震学) 利用已知地点的三个已知距离找到未知地点的过程
- 1958 November–December, “News Notes: Army Weather Radar Tracks Nuclear Clouds”, 出自 William H. Zierdt Jr. 编, Armor: The Magazine of Mobile Warfare, 卷 LXVII, 期 6, Washington, D.C.: United States Armor Association, →ISSN, →OCLC，页号 58，列号 2:
  A special advantage of radar is that it works during darkness and other periods of low visibility, which prevent visual triangulation and aircraft techniques for measuring nuclear clouds.
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(不可数，政治) 在政治光谱上重新定位自己或自己的团队，试图抓住中心的做法
- 2004, Stanley A[llen] Renshon, “The Politics of Transformation”, 出自 In His Father’s Shadow: The Transformations of George W. Bush, New York, N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN; paperback版, New York, N.Y., Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, November 2005, →ISBN, section V (A Transforming President in Perspective)，页号 197:
  Triangulation was a presidential leadership strategy that presented the president as having borrowed elements of both the right and the left to develop some form of center policy amalgam.
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- 2015, Tamar W. Carroll, “It Saved My Life: Creating Queer Politics”, 出自 Mobilizing New York: AIDS, Antipoverty, and Feminist Activism, Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, →ISBN，页号 181:
  Increased security for women's health clinics was part of [Bill] Clinton's "third way," a politics of triangulation that moved the Democratic Party closer to the right and embraced neoliberal economic policies while offering comparatively moderate social positions.
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(不可数，qualitative research) 三角论证法
- 1999, Carol Grbich, “Qualitative Research: An Introduction”, 出自 Qualitative Research in Health: An Introduction, Crows Nest, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin, →ISBN, part 1 (Theory and Design)，页号s 17–18:
  One recent attempt to combine both forms of data collection […] was based on a parallel methods approach, in which the results of two similar but separately located studies were triangulated. Triangulation entails overlapping the results at several points to enhance reliability. […] Other documented research has attempted to gain a broader view through the triangulation of two sets of data (quantitative and qualitative) on the same question, taken from the same respondents in a single study.
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- 2003 12月 1, Nahid Golafshani, “Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research”, 出自 The Qualitative Report‎^[1], 卷 8, 号 4，页号 603:
  Even though triangulation is used in quantitative paradigm for confirmation and generalization of a research, Barbour (1998) does not disregard the notion of triangulation in qualitative paradigm and she states the need to define triangulation from a qualitative research's perspective in each paradigm. For example, in using triangulation of several data sources in quantitative research, any exception may lead to a disconfirmation of the hypothesis where exceptions in qualitative research are dealt to modify the theories and are fruitful.
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- 2014, Alexander Cárdenas, “Introduction”, 出自 Football: Origins, Paths and New Dimensions: Master’s Thesis, [Munich]: GRIN Verlag, →ISBN, section 1.2 (Research Methods)，页号 4:
  Multiple sources of data were used to create a triangulation of evidence: books, documentation, archival records and relevant publications by key actors, particularly in the development field, open ended interviews, participant-observation conducted during field work and a case study. […] Triangulation was initially conceptualized as a strategy to validating results achieved with individual research methods. The focus of this research strategy, however, has increasingly shifted towards enriching and complementing knowledge and towards expanding and furthering the potential of individual methods.
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