參見:hâve

英語

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詞源

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中古英語 haven < 古英語 habban(有) < 原始日耳曼語 xaƀēnan(對比:西弗里斯蘭語 ha、荷蘭語 hebben、德語 haben、瑞典語 hava/ha),*xafjanan(舉起)(現代英語:heave)的持續體。
原始日耳曼語 *xafjanan < 原始印歐語 *kap-(對比:古愛爾蘭語 cáin(規則、貢品)、cacht(犯人);拉丁語 capiō(拿);拉脫維亞語 kàmpt(奪);阿爾巴尼亞語 kap((我)抓);古希臘語 κάπτω (káptō)(吞下)、κώπη (kṓpē)(柄))。

發音

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動詞

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to have(第三人稱單數簡單現在時 has, 現在分詞 having, 簡單過去時和過去分詞 had

[古]:第三人稱單數簡單現在時 hath, 第二人稱單數現在時 hast, 第二人稱複數過去時 hadst


  1. [及物]有,擁有,持有
    I have a house and a car. 我有一棟房子和一輛車。
    Look what I have herea frog I found on the street! 看我這裡有什麼——一隻我在街上發現的青蛙!
  2. [及物](表示關係)有
    I have two elder sisters. 我有兩個姐姐。
    The dog down the street has a lax owner. 街上那條狗的主人很不負責。
  3. [及物](表示動作)吃、喝、行動
    I have breakfast at six o'clock. 我在六點吃早飯。
    Can I have a look at that? 我能看一下嗎? (註:have a look 為固定短語,等於 look。)
    I'm going to have some pizza and some Pepsi right now. 我現在要去吃比薩和喝百事可樂。
  4. [助動詞](與過去分詞連用構成完成時,表示動作完成)做過…
    I have already eaten today.  我今天吃過了。
    I had already eaten. 我(當時)吃過了。
  5. [助動詞](have to,後接不定式)必須,要,應當
    I have to go. 我該走了。
  6. [及物]分娩,生,懷孕
    The couple always wanted to have children. 那對夫婦總是想多生孩子。
    My wife is having the baby right now! 我妻子已經懷孕了。
  7. [及物]做愛
    He's always bragging about how many women he's had. 他總是愛炫耀說與他做過愛的女人有多少多少。
  8. [及物,與不定式連用]要求…干某事,命令,使…,請求
    They had me feed their dog while they were out of town. 他們讓我在他們不在(城鎮)的時候幫他們餵狗。
  9. [及物,與形容詞或形容詞短語補語連用]致使,導致,使得…,讓…
    She had him arrested for trespassing. 她使他因犯下侵入財產罪而被捕。
    The movie's ending had the entire audience in tears. 電影的結局讓全場觀眾流淚。
  10. [及物,與不定式連用]使處於…狀態,遇上,碰到
    The hospital had several patients contract pneumonia last week. 上周有幾名病人在(這所)醫院染上肺炎。
    I've had three people today tell me my hair looks nice. 今天已經有三個人告訴我說我頭型很好看。
  11. [及物,與形容詞或形容詞短語補語連用]描述…,稱…處於某種狀態
    Their stories differed; he said he'd been at work when the incident occurred, but her statement had him at home that entire evening. 他們兩人的敘述不吻合:他說他在事件發生時是在上班,但她卻說他當天晚上是一直在家的。
  12. [疑問助動詞](後接代詞構成附加問句,見下面的用法說明)是吧?對吧?
    We haven't eaten dinner yet, have we? 我們還沒吃晚飯呢,對吧?
    Your wife hasn't been reading that nonsense, has she? 你妻子沒在讀那無聊(胡扯八道)的東西吧?
    [英]He has some money, hasn't he? 他有錢的,對吧?
  13. [英](在爭鬥中)戰勝,打敗
    I could have him! 我本可以打敗他的!
  14. [愛爾蘭]講…語言
    I have no German. 我不會講德語。

變位

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have 為不規則動詞。下表中標註的是(美式)英語重讀發音。

不定式 to have
命令式 have
現在分詞 having
過去分詞 had
現在直陳式 過去直陳式 將來直陳式 現在虛擬式 過去虛擬式 將來虛擬式 條件虛擬式
第一人稱單數(I) have had shall / will have have had were to have would have
第二人稱單數(you) have had will have have had were to have would have
第三人稱單數(he/she/it) has had will have have had were to have would have
第一人稱複數(we) have had shall / will have have had were to have would have
第二人稱複數(you) have had will have have had were to have would have
第三人稱複數(they) have had will have have had were to have would have

疑問助動詞的用法說明

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疑問助動詞 have ...?(第三人稱單數 has ...?, 第三人稱單數否定式 hasn't ...?has ... not?, 其他單複數人稱否定式 haven't ...?have ... not?), 省略號代表人稱代詞。

  • 用法:後接代詞構成附加問句。用在使用 have 構成完成時的陳述句後。英式英語中也可用在現在時態使用 have 的陳述句後。
    We haven't eaten dinner yet, have we? 我們還沒吃過晚飯呢,對吧?
    Your wife hasn't been reading that nonsense, has she? 你妻子沒在讀那胡扯的東西吧?
    I'd bet that student hasn't studied yet, has he? 那個學生肯定還沒學習呢,對吧?
    You've known all along, haven't you? 你是一直知道的,對吧?
    The sun has already set, has it not? 太陽已經落下去了吧。
    [英]He has some money, hasn't he? 他有錢的,對吧?
  • 這種句型可以將現在完成時的陳述句轉變為問句。附加問句部分需要用賓語代詞代替主語。對於否定句來說,附加問句中使用的是 hashave,根據陳述句中的數而變化。肯定句中可以用後加 not 或者使用 hasn'thaven't 的方法構成附加問句。
  • 美式英語中,不可以用這種方法構成 have 用作非助動詞的陳述句和含 have got 的陳述句的問句形式。這些情況下需要用 does 或其否定形式構成附加問句(注意這種結構在英式英語中是不正確的)。例:
    He has some money, doesn't he? 他有錢的,對吧?
    I have got enough time, don't I? 我有足夠的時間,對吧?

派生詞組

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丹麥語

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詞源(一)

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< 古諾爾斯語 hagi

名詞

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have c (定單數 haven,不定複數 haver)

  1. 花園,果園,種菜的小塊土地

詞源(二)

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古諾爾斯語 hafa

動詞

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have (命令式 hav,不定式 at have,現在時 har,過去時 havde,完成時 har haft)

  1. Jeg har en veninde. 我有一個女朋友。

詞源(三)

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見丹麥語 hav

名詞

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  1. hav 的不定複數形