philosophy

英語

其他形式

• philosophie (棄用)
• phylosophie (棄用)
• phylosophy (非標準)

詞源

源自中古英語 philosophie、古法語 philosophie以及兩者詞源拉丁語 philosophia，源自古希臘語 φιλοσοφία (philosophía)，源自φίλος (phílos, 「愛...的」) + σοφία (sophía, 「智慧」)。可作philo- +‎ -sophy分析。取代英語本土詞古英語 ūþwitegung。

發音

• (英國) 國際音標^(幫助): /fɪˈlɒsəfi/
• (通用美式) 國際音標^(幫助): /fɪˈlɑsəfi/

• 音頻（通用美式）：

  (檔案)

名詞

philosophy (可數 和 不可數，複數 philosophies)

1. (不可數，原意) 喜好智慧
2. (不可數) 哲學 （學科）

   Philosophy is often divided into five major branches: logic, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics and aesthetics.

   哲學常劃分為五個主要分支：邏輯、形而上學、認知論、倫理學和美學。

   • 1661, John Fell, The Life of the most learned, reverend and pious Dr. H. Hammond

     During the whole time of his abode in the university he generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study; by which assiduity besides an exact dispatch of the whole course of philosophy, he read over in a manner all classic authors that are extant […]

3. (可數) 理論體系，理念體系
4. (可數) 哲學 （某領域基本概念的看法、觀念）

   a philosophy of government;   a philosophy of education

   執政的哲學；教育的理念

5. (可數) 一般規則 （一般指道德）
   • 2012, Francesca Valensise, From Building Fabric to City Form: Reconstruction in Calabria at end of Eighteenth Century‎^[1], Gangemi Editore spa, →ISBN，第 8 頁:

     As a matter of fact the Enlightment culture was based on a philosophy inspired to an ethical laicism whose aim was to create a better society based on principles such as solidarity, equality of rights and duties, and full freedom.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

6. (古舊) 更廣義的非應用科學分支。
7. 冷靜而理智的行為舉止
8. (印刷，過時) small pica之同義詞 (常用於法語印刷)。
   • 2010, Thomas Wharton, Salamander, Emblem Editions (ISBN 9781551994444)

     Although I prefer small pica. Or as itsTemplate:SIC sometimes known, philosophy.

     – Small pica, or philosophy, she said. It sounds like the title of a novel. With a girl heroine.

分體詞

• 亦參見Thesaurus:philosophy

衍生詞彙

• analytic philosophy
• antiphilosophy
• astrophilosophy
• biophilosophy
• continental philosophy
• counterphilosophy
• cyberphilosophy
• Doctor of Philosophy
• ecophilosophy
• ethnophilosophy
• foolosophy
• geophilosophy
• metaphilosophy
• moral philosophy
• natural philosophy
• neurophilosophy
• nonphilosophy
• perennial philosophy
• personal philosophy
• philosophize
• philosophylike
• philosophy of mind
• philosophy of science
• physiophilosophy
• pseudophilosophy
• psychophilosophy
• religiophilosophy
• sociophilosophy
• speculative philosophy
• theophilosophy

 

相關詞彙

• philologist
• philology
• philosopher
• philosophic
• philosophical
• philosophically
• philosophise
• philosophize

 

動詞

philosophy (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 philosophies，現在分詞 philosophying，一般過去時及過去分詞 philosophied)

1. (現罕用) 論述
   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, 章號 12, 出自 John Florio（譯者）, The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

     Plato hath (in my seeming) loved this manner of Philosophying, Dialogue wise in good earnest, that therby he might more decently place in sundry mouthes the diversity and variation of his owne conceits.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

參見

• en:Appendix:Glossary of philosophical isms
• ideology

參考資料

• Douglas Harper (2001–2024年)，「philosophy」，《線上詞源詞典》（Online Etymology Dictionary）
• 「philosophy」，Dictionary.com Unabridged，Dictionary.com, LLC，1995–present

延伸閱讀

• "philosophy" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 235.