pig

英語

英語維基百科有一篇文章關於：

pig

維基物種上有信息關於：

Sus

Domestic pigs (Sus domesticus)
家豬

詞源 1

源自中古英語 pigge (「小豬」)（原指小豬，年長豬是swyn），多半源自古英語 *picga（僅可考於picgbrēad (「豬飼料」)等複合詞中），源自原始西日耳曼語 *piggō、*puggō (「小豬」)。對比中古荷蘭語 pogge、puggen、pigge、pegsken (「豬崽」)、中古低地德語 pugge、pûke (「豬崽」)。本詞使用於體重快速增加的動物幼崽，所以其可能是源自動詞「to big」，源自中古英語 biggen、byggen，源自古諾爾斯語 byggja、byggva (「建造」)，源自原始日耳曼語 *būwijaną (「建造」)，源自原始印歐語 *bʰuH- (「成為，成長為」)。Pokorny認為詞根與*bū-、*bew- (「腫，脹」)有關，以解釋「pig」和「big」之間的互換關係。

有時有人指出其與早期現代荷蘭語 bigge（現代big (「豬崽」)）、西弗里斯蘭語 bigge (「豬崽」)和中古低地德語的相似詞有關，但是「發音難以解釋」^[1]。一些文獻指出這些詞「多半無關」^[2]，其他人認為這一聯繫「有可能，但無法確定」。^[3]

指「警察」的俚語義至晚自1785年起可考^[4]。

發音

國際音標^(幫助): /ˈpɪɡ/
（美國）音頻： (檔案)
（澳洲）音頻： (檔案)
韻部：-ɪɡ

名詞

pig (可數和不可數，複數 pigs)

豬，尤指家豬（Sus domesticus）
近義詞：參見Thesaurus:pig

The man kept a pen with two pigs that he fed everything from carrots to cabbage.
（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）
- Template:RQ:Kingsley Westward Ho
(狹義) 豬崽 (與hog (「成年豬」))
- 2005 April, Live Swine from Canada, Investigation No. 731-TA-1076 (Final), publication 3766, April 2005, U.S. International Trade Commission ISBN 1457819899, page I-9:
  Weanlings grow into feeder pigs, and feeder pigs grow into slaughter hogs. […] Ultimately the end use for virtually all pigs and hogs is to be slaughtered for the production of pork and other products.
(不可數) 豬肉
Some religions prohibit their adherents from eating pig.
（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）
- 2005, Ross Eddy Osborn, Thorns of a Tainted Rose, →ISBN，第 196 頁:
  "Miss Chastene, could you fetch me out an extra plate of pig and biscuit. My partner can't do without your marvelous cooking."
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
(不可數) 淡粉色（家豬皮的顏色）
pig：
- 2019, Bee Smith, Queen Bee's Party
  So far on the streets there's been a lot of metallic pink (the kind of pink as in the shade of pig you get, and this is exactly the shade of the diary I've been writing in) […]
(貶義，俚語) 豬（吃東西又快又大聲的人）
近義詞：參見Thesaurus:glutton

You gluttonous pig! Now that you've eaten all the cupcakes, there will be none for the party!
你這頭豬怎麼吃那麼多！你把所有紙杯蛋糕都吃完了，聚會的時候沒得吃了！
(貶義，俚語) 淫蕩好色的男人
She considered him a pig as he invariably stared at her bosom when they talked.
她覺得他是一個好色之徒，因為他和她說話時總是盯着她的胸部。
(貶義，俚語) 邋遢的人
He was a pig and his apartment a pigpen; take-away containers and pizza boxes in a long, moldy stream lined his counter tops.
他非常邋遢，公寓裡像個豬圈，裡面外賣的盒子和披薩盒散在長長的長滿霉的檯面上。
(貶義) 豬（很胖的人）
近義詞：參見Thesaurus:fat person
(現主要用於美國，英國，澳大利亞，貶義，俚語) 條子，警察（源自1785年前）
近義詞：參見Thesaurus:police officer

The protester shouted, “Don't give in to the pigs!” as he was arrested.
（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）
- 1971, Gil Scott-Heron （作曲作詞）, 「The Revolution Will Not Be Televised」:
  There will be no pictures of pigs shooting down brothers on the instant replay
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1989, Dan Simmons, Carrion Comfort, page 359,
  「...Sounds too easy,」 Marvin was saying. 「What about the pigs?」
  
  He meant police.
- 1990, Jay Robert Nash, Encyclopedia of World Crime: Volume 1: A-C, page 198,
  The bank robberies went on and each raid became more bloody, Meinhof encouraging her followers to 「kill the pigs」 offering the slightest resistance, referring to policemen.
- 2008, Frank Kusch, Battleground Chicago: The Police and the 1968 Democratic National Convention, page 63,
  Backing 300 of the more aggressive protesters was a supporting cast of several thousand more who stared down the small line of police. Those in front resumed their taunts of 「Pig, pig, fascist pig,」 and 「pigs eat shit, pigs eat shit.」 The rest of the crowd, however, backed off and sat down on the grass when reinforcements arrived. Police did not retaliate for the name-calling, and within minutes the line of demonstrators broke apart and the incident was over without violence.¹¹³
- 2011, T. J. English, The Savage City: Race, Murder and a Generation on the Edge, unnumbered page,
  But me, I joined the party to fight the pigs. That′s why I joined. Because my experience with the police was always negative.
- 2017, 「All This」, 演出者 Mayhem (Uptop):
  Got a mind for the undies
  I'm tryna stay far from the pigs
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
(非正式) 難題，棘手的問題
Hrm... this one's a real pig: I've been banging my head against the wall over it for hours!
嗯...這個問題真的有點嚴重了：我把頭靠在牆上冥思苦想了好久！
(可數和不可數) 鑄塊，錠
The conveyor carried the pigs from the smelter to the freight cars.
傳送帶將鑄塊從鍛造爐送至車皮。

After the ill-advised trade, the investor was stuck with worthless options for 10,000 tons of iron pig.
（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）
鑄造模子
The pig was cracked, and molten metal was oozing from the side.
（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）
容納放射性廢料的鉛制容器
- 2015, Tom Clynes, The Boy Who Played with Fusion (page 36)
  Taylor also bought a pig—a radiation-shielding container made of thick lead—to stash the most radioactive materials in.
- 2015, Adrianne Dill Linton, Introduction to Medical-Surgical Nursing (page 394)
  Forceps and a lead container (called a pig) that are routinely placed in the room are used to retrieve and contain the source.
(工程學) 清管器
Unfortunately, the pig sent to clear the obstruction got lodged in a tight bend, adding to the problem.
（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）
(美國，軍事，俚語) M60 機關槍
Unfortunately, the M60 is about twenty-four pounds and is very unbalanced. You try carrying the pig around the jungle and see how you feel.
（請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）
(不可數) 本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。Module:Parameters第573行Lua錯誤：Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "A simple dice game in which players roll the dice as many times as they like, either accumulating a greater score or losing previous points gained." is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.
(英國，俚語，棄用) 六便士硬幣
近義詞：sow's baby

下義詞

(豬屬哺乳動物)： boar、herd boar、sow、brood sow、piglet、piggy

衍生詞彙

名詞「pig」的派生詞彙

派生語彙

托雷斯海峽克里奧爾語: pig
托克皮辛語: pik
→ 阿貝納基語: piks (源自pigs)
→ 馬里希特-帕薩瑪奎迪語: piks (源自pigs)

動詞

pig (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 pigs，現在分詞 pigging，一般過去時及過去分詞 pigged)

(指豬) 生崽
The black sow pigged at seven this morning.
黑豬在今早七點下崽了。
(不及物) 狼吞虎咽
They were pigging on the free food at the bar.
他們在酒吧大吃特吃免費食物。
- 2009, Thomas Pynchon, Inherent Vice, Vintage 2010, page 349:
  "Wow, Doc. That's heavy." Denis sat there pigging on the joint as usual.
(不及物) （像豬一樣）擠、靠在一起
(不及物) 擁擠、不整潔地同居
(及物，工程學) 用清管器清潔

詞源 2

未知。見piggin。

名詞

pig (複數 pigs)

(蘇格蘭) 陶器或陶片
一種暖床用的陶製熱水罐

衍生詞彙

參考資料

↑ A new English dictionary on historical principles
↑ 「pig」，Dictionary.com Unabridged，Dictionary.com, LLC，1995–present
↑ M. Philippa: "Big". In: Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands, 2003-09.
↑ 2003, Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman, Nina M. Hyams, An Introduction to Language, page 474 — Similarly, the use of the word pig for 「policeman」 goes back at least as far as 1785, when a writer of the time called a Bow Street police officer a 「China Street pig.」

異序詞

GIP, GPI, PGI, gip

丹麥語

詞源

源自古諾爾斯語 pík，源自原始日耳曼語 *pīkaz, *pikkaz，與英語 pike同源。pik 的同源對似詞。

發音

國際音標^(幫助): /piɡ/, [ˈpʰiɡ̊]
同音詞：pik

名詞

pig c (定單數 piggen，不定複數 pigge)

變格

pig 的變格

通性	單數		複數
通性	不定	定	不定	定
主格與格賓格	pig	piggen	pigge	piggene
屬格	pigs	piggens	pigges	piggenes

低地蘇格蘭語

詞源

源自中古英語 pigge、pygge，源自古英語 *picga (「小豬」)，參見英語 pig。

「罐子」一意源自中古英語 pygg，可能是其引申義。

名詞

pig (複數 pigs)

豬
罐子，陶罐

衍生詞彙

托雷斯海峽克里奧爾語

詞源

源自英語 pig。

名詞

pig

豬
近義詞：pwaka

威爾士語

Gwylan â'i phig ar led

詞源

可能源自中古英語 pyke (「尖端」)。與布列塔尼語 beg同源。

發音

國際音標^(幫助): /piːɡ/
韻部：-iːɡ

名詞

pig f (複數 pigau)

衍生詞彙

pigo (「刺，扎」)
tewbig (「蠟嘴雀」)

輔音變化

*pig*的輔音變化形式
原形	濁化	鼻音化	清音化
pig	big	mhig	phig

註：有些詞的輔音變化形式並不存在於標準威爾士語。
表格中給出的是所有理論上存在的輔音變化形式。

延伸閱讀

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present年)，「pig」，Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (Welsh)，University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

[NED-1] A new English dictionary on historical principles

[2] 「pig」，Dictionary.com Unabridged，Dictionary.com, LLC，1995–present

[3] M. Philippa: "Big". In: Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands, 2003-09.

[4] 2003, Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman, Nina M. Hyams, An Introduction to Language, page 474 — Similarly, the use of the word pig for 「policeman」 goes back at least as far as 1785, when a writer of the time called a Bow Street police officer a 「China Street pig.」

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