straw man
參見:strawman
英語
編輯替代形式
編輯詞源
編輯1986年版 Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 多處顯示,本詞用作無形之物的比喻義可追溯到1585-95年。
1897年版 Universal Dictionary of the English Language 第4卷第4485頁將「man of straw」解釋為「The figure of a man formed of an old suit of clothes stuffed with straw; hence, the mere resemblance of a man; one of no substance or means; an imaginary person.」(用塞滿稻草的舊衣服做成的人形;因此可表示:僅僅是與人相似;沒有任何實質或手段;一個想象出來的人。)
對比西弗里斯蘭語 strieman、荷蘭語 strooman、stroman、德語 Strohmann、丹麥語 stråmand、瑞典語 stråman、挪威語 stråmann。
名詞
編輯- 稻草人 (一種用來防止鳥類擾亂農作物的設備)
- (比喻義) 不重要的人,沒有作用的人
- (比喻義) 稻草人論證,稻草人謬誤 (一種歪曲對手言論的辯論手段)
- 反義詞: steelman
- 2018, Lars Ljungqvist and Thomas J. Sargent, Recursive macroeconomic theory, 4th版, MIT Press,頁號 4:
- This Euler inequality recurs as either the cornerstone or the straw man in many theories contained in this book.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- (比喻義,工程學,商業) 稻草人提案
- a tentative straw-man spec
- 暫定的稻草人規範
- straw buyer之同義詞
- 2000, John W. Reilly, The Language of Real Estate,頁號 381:
- If a broker or a salesperson attempts to use a straw man to purchase property for which he or she has a listing, the real estate person must specifically disclose in writing to the seller this relationship with the buyer.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
動詞
編輯straw man (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 straw mans,現在分詞 straw manning,一般過去時及過去分詞 straw manned)
- 使用稻草人論證
- 同類詞: steelman
- Person A: "Cats have claws."
Person B: "Not all cats have claws: some are declawed."
Person A: "Don't straw man me; I never said all."- 甲:「貓有爪子。」
乙:「不是所有的貓都有爪子:有些貓沒有爪子。」
甲:「別拿我當稻草人,我從沒說過「所有」。」
- 甲:「貓有爪子。」
- 1996 [Vale Press], Ralph H. Johnson, The Rise of Informal Logic, Windsor Studies in Argumentation, 2014, E-edition, page 178,
- I have also argued that he is guilty of straw manning Copi and that his charge of shoddy reasoning against Kahane makes use of an equivocation on the concept of fallacy.
- 2016, Stijn Smismans, 「5: Regulatory Procedure and Participation in the European Union」, 出自 Comparative Law and Regulation, Edward Elgar Publishing,頁號 133:
- 11 It should, however, also be noted that in certain cases later "neo-corporatist authors" straw manned the pluralist model, making it easier to criticise (Nedelmann and Meier, 1979: 94).
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 2021, John T. Lysaker, Philosophy, Writing, and the Character of Thought, University of Chicago Press,頁號 39:
- My point does not concern the principle of charity or whether Hickman has straw manned postmodernism.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
延伸閲讀
編輯- straw man在英語維基百科上的資料。維基百科 en
- straw man proposal在英語維基百科上的資料。維基百科 en