French
參見:french
英語
编辑詞源
编辑繼承自中古英語 Frenche、Frensch、Frensc、Frenshe、Frenk、Franche,來自古英語 Frenċisċ (“法語”),來自原始西日耳曼語 *Frankisk (“法蘭克”),等同於Frank + -ish (對照Frankish)。與西佛蘭德語 Fransch (“法語”)、荷蘭語 Frans (“法語”)、中古低地德語 vranksch、frenkisch、vrenkesch、vrenksch (“法語”)、中古高地德語 frenkisch、frensch (“法蘭克的,法蘭西的”;> 德語 fränkisch (“法蘭克尼亞”))、丹麥語 fransk (“法語”)、瑞典語 fransk、fransysk (“法語”)、冰島語 franska (“法語”)同源。
用作粗俗語言的義項,其通常指早期19世紀上層階級實際使用的法語表達 (但通常輕微無禮),後來被下層階級用作罵人的話,因為他們認為聽者不會熟悉這些用語。
用來指苦艾酒的義項,是French vermouth的簡稱。
發音
编辑專有名詞
编辑- (主要用於不可數) 法語
- She speaks French.
- 她說法語。
- c. 1390, Robert Grosseteste, translating Chateau d'Amour as The Castle of Love, ll. 25 ff.:
- 1533, Thomas More, The Debellacyon of Salem & Bizance, fol. 96:
- 1720, Daniel Defoe, Memoirs of a Cavalier,第 13 頁:
- I could speak but little French.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 1991, Michael Clyne, Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations, Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN,第 169 頁:
- Thus, complementary to the French of France, the Quebecois (and in a lesser degree the Frenches of Africa, Swiss French, etc.) would constitute languages in their own right.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 1997, Albert Valdman, French and Creole in Louisiana,第 29 頁:
- Almost three quarters of the population 65 and older reported speaking French.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 2004, Jack Flam, Matisse and Picasso: The Story of Their Rivalry and Friendship,第 18 頁:
- Although he would spend the rest of his life in France, Picasso never mastered the language, and during those early years he was especially self-conscious about how bad his French was.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 2013, Jocelyn Wogan-Browne, Language and Culture in Medieval Britain: The French of England, C.1100-c.1500, Boydell & Brewer Ltd, →ISBN,第 361 頁:
- The Frenches of England remain as working languages in the different registers of various occupational communities and for particular social rituals. Beyond the fifteenth century, French is a much less substantial presence in England, though […]
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- (不可數) 法語交流能力
- My French is a little rusty.
- 我的法語有些生疏了。
- 1742 April 4, R. West, letter to Thomas Gray:
- [Racine's] language is the language of the times, and that of the purest sort; so that his French is reckoned a standard.
- (不可數) 作為學科的法國語言、文學
- I'm taking French next semester.
- 下學期我要上法語課。
- (不可數,委婉,現常ironic) 粗俗語言
- Pardon my French.
- 恕我言粗。
- 1845, Edward Jerningham Wakefield, Adventure in New Zealand, 第 I 卷,第 327 頁:
- The enraged headsman spares no 'bad French' in explaining his motives.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 1986, John Hughes, Ferris Bueller's Day Off':
- Cameron: Pardon my French, but you're an asshole!
- 2005年5月29日, New York Times Book Review,第 12 頁:
- The book... is a welcome change from theory-infected academic discourse, pardon my French.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- (可數) 姓氏
- Dawn French.
衍生詞
编辑- (姓氏): Frenchburg
派生詞
编辑- ⇒ 美國手語: 9@InsideNeckhigh-PalmDown 9@SideNeckhigh-PalmUp
- → 喬克托語: Filanchi
- → 旁遮普語: ਫ਼੍ਰੈਂਚ (frēñc)
- → 祖魯語: isiFulentshi
名詞
编辑French (可數 和 不可數,複數 French 或 Frenches)
- (主要用於集合名詞和以複數形式) 法國人
- The Hundred Years' War was fought between the English and the French.
- 百年戰爭是英國人和法國人之間的戰爭。
- Under the Fourth Republic, more and more French unionized.
- 在第四共和國時期,越來越多的法國人加入了工會。
- 1579, Francesco Guicciardini as, 譯者 Geoffrey Fenton, The Historie of Guicciardin,第 378 頁:
- […] to breake the necke of the wicked purposes & plots of the French […]
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 1653, François Rabelais, 譯者 Thomas Urquhart, Works of Mr. Francis Rabelais, 第 I 卷,第 214 頁:
- Such is the nature and complexion of the frenches, that they are worth nothing, but at the first push.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 2002, Jeremy Thornton, The French and Indian War,第 14 頁:
- On the way, scouts reported that some French were heading toward them across the ice.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- (不可數,過時俚語,性) oral sex (“口交”)之同義詞(尤指嗦吮陰莖)
- 1968, Bill Turner, Sex Trap,第 64 頁:
- You can be whipped or caned... or you can have French for another pound.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 1986年5月6日, Semper Floreat,第 34 頁:
- Always use condoms with Greek (anal intercourse), straight sex (vaginal intercourse, fucking), French (oral sex).
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 1996年10月13日, Observer,第 25 頁:
- ‘French’—still used by prostitutes as a term for oral sex.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- (主要用於不可數,過時俚語) French vermouth的缩略形式
使用說明
编辑複數形式Frenches的使用在早期現代英語出現過,在當代英語很少出現。和其他集體區域居民稱謂詞一樣,French在指代法國人時,會在前面加上定冠詞或定語。
衍生詞
编辑派生詞
编辑- → 祖魯語: iFulentshi
形容詞
编辑French (比較級 more French,最高級 most French)
- 法國的
- the French border with Italy
- 法國和意大利的邊界
- 2015年5月3日, “Standardized Testing”, 出自 Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, 第 2 季数, 第 12 集数, John Oliver(演員), 經由 HBO:
- That must have hurt, especially because you knew the French children weren’t even trying. “Uh, go on, play weez your seellee nambeurs. Zey tell you nosseeng of ze true naytcheur of ze soula. I’ll weepa for you.”
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 與法國人民和文化有關的
- French customs
- 法國習俗
- 法語的
- French verbs
- 法語動詞
- (俚語,性慾) 與口交有關的
- 同類詞:straight
- French active ― 被口交的人
- French girl ― 提供口交的妓女
- (非正式,常委婉) 用於構成性病的名稱或指代
- French disease ― 性病
- French crown ― 性病造成的脫髮
- French pox ― 梅毒 (字面意思是「法國痘,法國疹」)
同義詞
编辑衍生詞
编辑- Free French
- French and Iroquois Wars
- French augmented sixth chord
- French bean, french bean
- French berry (Rhamnus saxatilis)
- French braid
- French bread
- French Bulldog
- French Canada
- French Canadian, French-Canadian
- French canon
- French casement
- French chalk
- French Community
- French Congo
- French corner
- French cowslip (Primula auricula)
- French cricket
- French cuff
- French curl
- French curve
- French-cut
- French defence, French defense, French Defence
- French dip
- French disease
- French donut
- French door
- French drain
- French dressing, french dressing
- French drop
- French Equatorial Africa
- French exit
- French fact
- French fake
- French fits
- French franc
- french fries
- French fries
- French grey
- French grip
- French Guiana
- French Guianese
- French Guinea
- French Guyana
- French harp
- French honeysuckle (Hedysarum coronarium)
- French horn
- French hornist
- Frenchie
- Frenchification
- Frenchify
- French India
- French Indochina
- French inhale
- French Island
- French kiss
- French knickers
- French knot
- French lavender (Lavandula stoechas)
- French leave
- French letter
- French Lick
- French lilac (Syringa vulgaris & Galega officinalis)
- French loaf
- French lock
- French Louisiana
- French maid
- Frenchman
- Frenchman
- French Morocco
- French mulberry (Callicarpa americana)
- French mullet (Albula vulpes)
- French mustard
- French onion soup
- French pancake
- French paradox
- French parfait
- French partridge (Alectoris rufa)
- French pedicure
- French pie
- French plait
- French polish
- French Polynesia
- French Polynesian
- French pox
- French press
- French purple
- French Quarter
- French red
- French Republic
- French Republican Calendar
- French Revolution
- French Revolutionary Calendar
- French rice
- French River
- French Riviera
- French roast
- French roll
- French roof
- French rose (Rosa gallica)
- French rye (Arrhenatherum elatius)
- French sash
- French seam
- French Sign Language
- French sole (Microstomus kitt)
- French Somaliland
- French sorrel (Rumex scutatus)
- French Southern and Antarctic Lands
- French spacing
- French spinach (Atriplex hortensis)
- French stick
- French-style
- French Sudan
- French tickler
- French toast, french toast
- French Togoland
- Frenchtown
- French trumpet
- French tub
- French Turn
- French twist
- French Union
- French vanilla
- French West Africa
- French willow ( Salix triandra)
- French window, french window
- French wire
- Frenchwoman
- Frenchy
- Frenchy
- take French leave
- Vichy French
派生詞
编辑動詞
编辑French (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 Frenches,現在分詞 Frenching,一般過去時及過去分詞 Frenched)
- french的大小寫替代形式
- 1995, Jack Womack, Random Acts of Senseless Violence,第 87 頁:
- Even before I thought about what I was doing we Frenched and kissed with tongues.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
替代寫法
编辑衍生詞
编辑參見
编辑來源
编辑- “French, adj. & n.”,OED Online ,Oxford, Oxfordshire:Oxford University Press,2009年
- "Where did the term 'Pardon my French' come from...", /r/AskHistorians, 2018.