aggravate

英語

詞源

源自拉丁語 aggravatus，aggravare (“給……增重，使變差，使煩惱”)的過去分詞，源自ad (“到”) + gravare (“使變重”)，源自gravis (“重的”)。參見grave，對比aggrieve、aggrege。

發音

• 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈæɡ.ɹə.veɪ̯t/

• 音頻 (英式)：

  (檔案)

動詞

aggravate (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 aggravates，現在分詞 aggravating，一般過去時及過去分詞 aggravated)

1. 使冒犯性增加 （自16世紀）
   • 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]，第 23 頁，第 2 列:

     Once more, the more to aggrauate the note,
     With a foule Traitors name ſtuffe I thy throte,
     And wiſh (ſo pleaſe my Soueraigne) ere I moue,
     What my tong ſpeaks, my right drawn ſword may proue

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 1709 Joseph Addison, The Tatler

     The defense made by the prisoner's counsel did rather aggravate than extenuate his crime.

2. (引申) 使惡化，使變差 （自16世紀）
   • 1726, Homer, [William Broome], transl., “Book XVI”, 出自 The Odyssey of Homer. […], 第 IV 卷, London: […] Bernard Lintot, →OCLC:

     to aggravate my woes.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 1837, William H. Prescott, History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella the Catholic

     […] to aggravate the horrors of the scene

3. (現罕用) 使程度/重量增加 （自16世紀）

   He aggravated the story.

   他把事情誇大了。

4. (棄用) 使某人負擔加重 （16–18世紀）
   • 1790, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, Oxford 2009, p. 28:

     In order to lighten the crown still further, they aggravated responsibility on ministers of state.

5. (現基本用於口語) 激怒 （自16世紀）
   • 1748, Samuel Richardson, Clarissa:

     If both were to aggravate her parents, as my brother and sister do mine.

   • 1977, Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace, New York Review Books 2006, p. 85:

     Ben Bella was aggravated by having to express himself in French because the Egyptians were unable to understand his Arabic.

近義詞

• (使變差)： heighten, intensify, increase, magnify, exaggerate, exacerbate
• (激怒)： provoke, irritate, exasperate

反義詞

• (使變差)： alleviate, mitigate

相關詞彙

• aggravation

拓展閱讀

• “aggravate”，Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary，Springfield, Mass.：G. & C. Merriam，1913年，OCLC 800618302
• “aggravate”，The Century Dictionary […]，New York, N.Y.：The Century Co.，1911，OCLC 867766587

意大利語

動詞

aggravate

1. aggravare 的第二人稱複數現在時直陳式
2. aggravare 的第二人稱複數命令式
3. aggravato 的陰性複數

拉丁語

動詞

aggravāte

1. aggravō 的第二人稱複數現在時主動態命令式