Yangtze

英語

The Yangtze's drainage basin
長江流域

Barges on the Yangtze near Nanjing (2007)
南京附近長江的駁船 (2007)

The Yangtze delta near Shanghai as seen from outer space. The wider inlet to the south is Hangzhou Bay.
從外太空看上海附近的長江三角洲。南面較寬的入海口是杭州灣。

其他寫法

• Yangzi
• Yang-tze、Yangtse、Yang-tse、Yangtzi (有時被禁止)
• Yangtsz、Yang-tzu、Yang-tzŭ、Iansu、Iansuchian (棄用)
• Yangtze-kiang

詞源

來自漢語 揚子／扬子和揚子江／扬子江 (Yángzǐ Jiāng)官話發音的不規則羅馬化，原是指揚子津 (Yángzǐjīn)，揚州附近的一個舊渡口，以前是長江下游的名稱，後來被外國遊客用於整個長江。民間詞源認為該名稱意思為「海洋之子」，源自同音誤用的洋子江，據說是利瑪竇所用的，這個名稱在他去世後出版的日記中使該河流在歐洲廣為人知，寫成拉丁語 Iansu、Iansuchian。

發音

• 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈjæŋtsi/, /ˈjæŋzi/, /ˈjɑŋzi/, /ˈjɑŋtsə/
• 英語發音：yǎngʹtsēʹ, yǎngʹzēʹ, yängʹzēʹ, yängʹtsə

專有名詞

Yangtze

1. 長江
   • 1625, Samuel Purchas, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes‎^[1], 第 III 卷, London, →OCLC，第 340 頁:

     That Riuer of Nanquin which I called (Yamſu or) Ianſu, the ſonne of the Sea, goeth Northward to Nanquin, and then returning ſomewhat Southward, runneth into the Sea with great force; fortie myles from which it paſſeth by Nanquin. And that from hence to Pequin there might bee paſſage by Riuers, the Kings of China haue deriued a large Channell from this to another Riuer, called the Yellow Riuer, ſuch being the colour of that troubled water. This is the other famous Riuer of that Kingdome, in greatneſſe and note, which ariſesth without the Kingdome to the Weſt, out of the Hill Cunlun, conjectured to bee the ſame whence Ganges ariſeth, or one neere to it.

     流经南京的这条河，我称之为“扬子江”或“洋子江”，“大洋之子”，它向北流经南京，然后稍微转向南，奔流入海：入海口距离南京有四十里远。从这里到北京还有河流可以通行，中国历代国王从这条河开凿了一条大水道，通向另一条河，称为黄河，因为该河水颜色浑浊而得名。这是该国另一条著名的河流，气势磅礴，声名显赫，发源于王国西部的昆仑山，那里据推测是恒河的发源地，或靠近恒河的发源地。

   • 1853年12月8日, Humphrey Marshall, Documents Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States with Other Countries‎^[2], 第 37 期, Macao: A.O.P. Nicholson, 出版於 1854, →OCLC，第 323–324 頁s:

     You will perceive that the British and French commissioners ascend the Yangtze at pleasure, and have the steamers of their respective countries at their disposal. I was compelled, for the want of other conveyance, to come hither in a little British steamer which plies between Shanghai and Hong Kong.

     您会发现，英国和法国的专员们可以随意沿长江而上，并可以使用他们各自国家的轮船。由于没有其他交通工具，我不得不乘坐一艘往返于上海和香港之间的英国小轮船来到这里。

   • 1887 [1886年10月19日], G. T. Bedell, Thomas H. Vail, B. W. Morris, Geo. F. Seymour, Wm. J. Boone, “Fourteenth Day's Proceedings”, 出自 Journal of the Proceedings of the Bishops, Clergy, and Laity of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America‎^[3], Chicago，第 99 頁:

     The Bishop of Shanghai desires that the bounds of his jurisdiction shall be more clearly expressed, and that therefore his title shall hereafter be, "The Bishop of Shanghai, having jurisdiction in the lower valley of Yangtze." The jurisdiction will be sufficiently large. The Yangtze River is three thousand miles in length, and the population on its borders numbers one hundred millions. As there are already three Bishops of the Church of England, with a large Missionary force of English Clergy, in that empire, Bishop Boone desires that his jurisdiction be limited to the population on the lower Yangtze, a line of eight hundred miles.

     上海主教希望更清楚地表达他的管辖范围，因此他的头衔今后将是“上海主教，管辖长江下游流域”。管辖范围将足够大。长江长三千英里，其两岸的人口达一亿。由于该（清）帝国已有三位英国国教主教，以及一支庞大的英国神职人员传教士队伍，布恩主教希望他的管辖范围仅限于长江下游八百英里的人口。

   • 1900, Isabella L. Bird, The Yangtze Valley and Beyond‎^[4], 第 1 卷，第 9-10 頁s:

     It is not till the Yangtze reaches Sha-shih that its character completely changes. The first note of change is a great embankment, thirty feet high, which protects the region from inundation. Below Sha-shih the vast river becomes mixed up with a network of lakes and rivers, connected by canals, the area of the important Tungting Lake being over 2000 square miles.

     直到长江到达沙市，其性质才完全改变。第一个变化是一条三十英尺高的大堤，保护该地区免遭洪水侵袭。在沙市下游，这条宽阔的河流与由运河连接的湖泊和河流网络混合在一起，其中重要的洞庭湖面积超过2000平方英里。

   • 1918, J.S. Lee, The Geology of China‎^[5], University of Birmingham, →OCLC，第 320 頁:

     Of the northernmost one of these folds, the writer has some faint recollection of seeing the folded strata. They form the hills to the west of Han-yung and the central ridge across the city of Wu-chang and extends further east; the west-easterly course of the Yang-tze below Yang-lo (lat. 30° 30' N.) is in all probability determined by this E-W fold.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 1969, Yi-Fu Tuan, China‎^[6], Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company，第 22 頁:

     Aside from the Turfan depression in Hsin-chiang (Sinkiang) province, the hottest part of China lies in the middle and lower Yangtze Valley. Maximum temperatures of 43°-44°C (110°-112°F) have been recorded in Ch'ang-sha and Nan-ching.

     除新疆省吐鲁番盆地外，中国最热的地区位于长江中下游。长沙和南京的最高气温曾达到43°-44°C (110°-112°F) 。

   • 1974, John H. Winkelman, The Imperial Library in Southern Sung China, 1127-1279 : A Study of the Organization and Operation of the Scholarly Agencies of the Central Government‎^[7]，第 12 頁:

     Early in the summer of 1127 the emperor was located near the city of Nan-ching just south of the Yangtze River.

     1127年初夏，皇帝位于长江南岸的南京城附近。

   • 1982年1月3日, “News Stories of Year on Peiping Selected”, 出自 Free China Weekly‎^[8], 第 XXIII 卷, 第 1 期, Taipei，第 3 頁:

     The Chinese Communists destroyed natural resources by widening the Yangtze River, and brought natural disasters to the mainland, including the worst floods in Szechwan province and other areas.

     中国共产党拓宽长江，破坏了自然资源，给大陆带来了自然灾害，包括四川省和其他地区最严重的洪水。

   • 2020年8月10日, “Worst Rains in Decades Cause China Flooding”, 出自 Time‎^[9], 第 196 卷, 第 5-6 期s，第 10 頁:

     The rains swelled the Yangtze River, raising record water levels on July 19 at the Three Gorges Dam, upriver from the city of Wuhan.

     降雨导致长江水位上涨，7月19日武汉上游三峡大坝的水位达到历史最高水平。

   • 2023年2月8日, Daisuke Wakabayashi, Claire Fu, “China’s Bid to Improve Food Production? Giant Towers of Pigs.”, 出自 The New York Times‎^[10], →ISSN, →OCLC，於08 February 2023歸檔自原頁面‎^[11]:

     The building, on the outskirts of Ezhou, a city on the southern bank of the Yangtze River, is hailed as the world’s biggest free-standing pig farm, with a second, identical hog high-rise opening soon.

     该建筑位于长江南岸城市鄂州的郊区，被誉为世界上最大的独立式养猪场，而另一座与之相同的养猪大楼也即将开业。

   • 有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:Yangtze。

同義詞

• Chang Jiang、Long River、Jiang
• Ch'ang Chiang、Kiang、Long River、Blue River (棄用)
• Yangzi Jiang

下位語

• Jinsha、Chinsha (上游，金沙江)

衍生詞

• Yangtzean、Yangtze River dolphin、YRD

來源

• Yangtze River, in Encyclopædia Britannica
• “Yangtze, pn.”，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.
• “Yangtze” in Merriam–Webster Online Dictionary.