Yangtze

英語

The Yangtze's drainage basin
長江流域

Barges on the Yangtze near Nanjing (2007)
南京附近長江的駁船 (2007)

The Yangtze delta near Shanghai as seen from outer space. The wider inlet to the south is Hangzhou Bay.
從外太空看上海附近的長江三角洲。南面較寬的入海口是杭州灣。

其他寫法

• Yangzi
• Yang-tze、Yangtse、Yang-tse、Yangtzi (有時被禁止)
• Yangtsz、Yang-tzu、Yang-tzŭ、Iansu、Iansuchian (棄用)
• Yangtze-kiang

詞源

來自漢語 揚子／扬子和揚子江／扬子江 (Yángzǐ Jiāng)官話發音的不規則羅馬化，原是指揚子津 (Yángzǐjīn)，揚州附近的一個舊渡口，以前是長江下游的名稱，後來被外國遊客用於整個長江。民間詞源認為該名稱意思為「海洋之子」，源自同音誤用的洋子江，據說是利瑪竇所用的，這個名稱在他去世後出版的日記中使該河流在歐洲廣為人知，寫成拉丁語 Iansu、Iansuchian。

發音

• 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈjæŋtsi/, /ˈjæŋzi/, /ˈjɑŋzi/, /ˈjɑŋtsə/
• 英語發音：yǎngʹtsēʹ, yǎngʹzēʹ, yängʹzēʹ, yängʹtsə

專有名詞

Yangtze

1. 長江
   • 1625, Samuel Purchas, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes‎^[1], 第 III 卷, London, →OCLC，第 340 頁:

     That Riuer of Nanquin which I called (Yamſu or) Ianſu, the ſonne of the Sea, goeth Northward to Nanquin, and then returning ſomewhat Southward, runneth into the Sea with great force; fortie myles from which it paſſeth by Nanquin. And that from hence to Pequin there might bee paſſage by Riuers, the Kings of China haue deriued a large Channell from this to another Riuer, called the Yellow Riuer, ſuch being the colour of that troubled water. This is the other famous Riuer of that Kingdome, in greatneſſe and note, which ariſesth without the Kingdome to the Weſt, out of the Hill Cunlun, conjectured to bee the ſame whence Ganges ariſeth, or one neere to it.

     流經南京的這條河，我稱之為「揚子江」或「洋子江」，「大洋之子」，它向北流經南京，然後稍微轉向南，奔流入海：入海口距離南京有四十里遠。從這裡到北京還有河流可以通行，中國歷代國王從這條河開鑿了一條大水道，通向另一條河，稱為黃河，因為該河水顏色渾濁而得名。這是該國另一條著名的河流，氣勢磅礴，聲名顯赫，發源於王國西部的崑崙山，那裡據推測是恆河的發源地，或靠近恆河的發源地。

   • 1853年12月8日, Humphrey Marshall, Documents Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States with Other Countries‎^[2], 第 37 期, Macao: A.O.P. Nicholson, 出版於 1854, →OCLC，第 323–324 頁s:

     You will perceive that the British and French commissioners ascend the Yangtze at pleasure, and have the steamers of their respective countries at their disposal. I was compelled, for the want of other conveyance, to come hither in a little British steamer which plies between Shanghai and Hong Kong.

     您會發現，英國和法國的專員們可以隨意沿長江而上，並可以使用他們各自國家的輪船。由於沒有其他交通工具，我不得不乘坐一艘往返於上海和香港之間的英國小輪船來到這裡。

   • 1887 [1886年10月19日], G. T. Bedell, Thomas H. Vail, B. W. Morris, Geo. F. Seymour, Wm. J. Boone, 「Fourteenth Day's Proceedings」, 出自 Journal of the Proceedings of the Bishops, Clergy, and Laity of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America‎^[3], Chicago，第 99 頁:

     The Bishop of Shanghai desires that the bounds of his jurisdiction shall be more clearly expressed, and that therefore his title shall hereafter be, "The Bishop of Shanghai, having jurisdiction in the lower valley of Yangtze." The jurisdiction will be sufficiently large. The Yangtze River is three thousand miles in length, and the population on its borders numbers one hundred millions. As there are already three Bishops of the Church of England, with a large Missionary force of English Clergy, in that empire, Bishop Boone desires that his jurisdiction be limited to the population on the lower Yangtze, a line of eight hundred miles.

     上海主教希望更清楚地表達他的管轄範圍，因此他的頭銜今後將是「上海主教，管轄長江下游流域」。管轄範圍將足夠大。長江長三千英里，其兩岸的人口達一億。由於該（清）帝國已有三位英國國教主教，以及一支龐大的英國神職人員傳教士隊伍，布恩主教希望他的管轄範圍僅限於長江下游八百英里的人口。

   • 1900, Isabella L. Bird, The Yangtze Valley and Beyond‎^[4], 第 1 卷，第 9-10 頁s:

     It is not till the Yangtze reaches Sha-shih that its character completely changes. The first note of change is a great embankment, thirty feet high, which protects the region from inundation. Below Sha-shih the vast river becomes mixed up with a network of lakes and rivers, connected by canals, the area of the important Tungting Lake being over 2000 square miles.

     直到長江到達沙市，其性質才完全改變。第一個變化是一條三十英尺高的大堤，保護該地區免遭洪水侵襲。在沙市下游，這條寬闊的河流與由運河連接的湖泊和河流網絡混合在一起，其中重要的洞庭湖面積超過2000平方英里。

   • 1918, J.S. Lee, The Geology of China‎^[5], University of Birmingham, →OCLC，第 320 頁:

     Of the northernmost one of these folds, the writer has some faint recollection of seeing the folded strata. They form the hills to the west of Han-yung and the central ridge across the city of Wu-chang and extends further east; the west-easterly course of the Yang-tze below Yang-lo (lat. 30° 30' N.) is in all probability determined by this E-W fold.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 1969, Yi-Fu Tuan, China‎^[6], Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company，第 22 頁:

     Aside from the Turfan depression in Hsin-chiang (Sinkiang) province, the hottest part of China lies in the middle and lower Yangtze Valley. Maximum temperatures of 43°-44°C (110°-112°F) have been recorded in Ch'ang-sha and Nan-ching.

     除新疆省吐魯番盆地外，中國最熱的地區位於長江中下游。長沙和南京的最高氣溫曾達到43°-44°C (110°-112°F) 。

   • 1974, John H. Winkelman, The Imperial Library in Southern Sung China, 1127-1279 : A Study of the Organization and Operation of the Scholarly Agencies of the Central Government‎^[7]，第 12 頁:

     Early in the summer of 1127 the emperor was located near the city of Nan-ching just south of the Yangtze River.

     1127年初夏，皇帝位於長江南岸的南京城附近。

   • 1982年1月3日, 「News Stories of Year on Peiping Selected」, 出自 Free China Weekly‎^[8], 第 XXIII 卷, 第 1 期, Taipei，第 3 頁:

     The Chinese Communists destroyed natural resources by widening the Yangtze River, and brought natural disasters to the mainland, including the worst floods in Szechwan province and other areas.

     中國共產黨拓寬長江，破壞了自然資源，給大陸帶來了自然災害，包括四川省和其他地區最嚴重的洪水。

   • 2020年8月10日, 「Worst Rains in Decades Cause China Flooding」, 出自 Time‎^[9], 第 196 卷, 第 5-6 期s，第 10 頁:

     The rains swelled the Yangtze River, raising record water levels on July 19 at the Three Gorges Dam, upriver from the city of Wuhan.

     降雨導致長江水位上漲，7月19日武漢上游三峽大壩的水位達到歷史最高水平。

   • 2023年2月8日, Daisuke Wakabayashi, Claire Fu, 「China’s Bid to Improve Food Production? Giant Towers of Pigs.」, 出自 The New York Times‎^[10], →ISSN, →OCLC，於08 February 2023歸檔自原頁面‎^[11]:

     The building, on the outskirts of Ezhou, a city on the southern bank of the Yangtze River, is hailed as the world’s biggest free-standing pig farm, with a second, identical hog high-rise opening soon.

     該建築位於長江南岸城市鄂州的郊區，被譽為世界上最大的獨立式養豬場，而另一座與之相同的養豬大樓也即將開業。

   • 有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:Yangtze。

同義詞

• Chang Jiang、Long River、Jiang
• Ch'ang Chiang、Kiang、Long River、Blue River (棄用)
• Yangzi Jiang

下位語

• Jinsha、Chinsha (上游，金沙江)

衍生詞

• Yangtzean、Yangtze River dolphin、YRD

來源

• Yangtze River, in Encyclopædia Britannica
• 「Yangtze, pn.」，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.
• 「Yangtze」 in Merriam–Webster Online Dictionary.