equinox

英语

词源

原始印欧语词
*nókʷts

继承自中古英语 equinox、equinoxe、equynox (“一年中昼夜等长的两个时段之一，二分点；黄道十二宫中的白羊座或天秤座，在这两个星座中，太阳穿过天体赤道”)，^[1]来自古法语 equinoce、equinoxe (现代法语 équinoxe)或来自词源中世纪拉丁语 ēquinoxium、ēquinoctium，来自拉丁语 aequinoctium (“二分点”)，来自aequus (“同等”) + nox (“夜晚”) (源头衍生自原始印欧语 *nókʷts (“夜晚”)) + -ium (构成抽象名词的后缀)。^[2]^[3]这个拉丁语词汇，被后来衍生的中古英语和现代英语所采用，取代了古英语 efnniht (现代英语 evennight)。

罕见的另一个复数形式equinoctes将equinox视为一个拉丁语词汇；拉丁语 nox (“夜晚”)的复数是noctēs。

发音

单数：
- (英国，加拿大) 国际音标^(帮助): /ˈɛkwɪnɒks/, /ˈiː-/
- 音频 (南英格兰)： (档案)
  音频： (档案)
- (通用美式) 国际音标^(帮助): /ˈɛkwəˌnɑks/, /ˈi-/
- 音频 (通用美式)： (档案)
- 断字：equi‧nox
复数 (equinoctes)：
- (英国，加拿大) 国际音标^(帮助): /ˌɛkwɪˈnɒktiːz/, /ˌiː-/
- (通用美式) 国际音标^(帮助): /ˌɛkwəˈnɑktiz/, /ˌi-/
- 断字：equi‧noc‧tes

名词

equinox (复数 equinoxes 或 (罕用) equinoctes)

分点，二分点，昼夜平分点（春分或秋分）
近义词：(罕用) evennight
- Template:RQ:Bentley Confutation of Atheism
- 1793年9月22日, Edward Williams, “Ode on Converting a Sword into a Pruning Hook”, 出自 Poems, Lyric and Pastoral. […], London: […] J[ohn] Nichols; […], 出版于 1794, →OCLC, footnote *，第 160–161 页s:
  The four grand and ſolemn Bardic days are, of ancient uſage, the tvvo equinoxes, and the tvvo ſolſtices; the nevv and full moons are alſo, ſubordinately, ſolemn Bardic days: […]
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- Template:RQ:Emerson Complete Works
- Template:RQ:Tennyson Poems 1842
- 1848, Charles Richard Weld, 章号 V, 出自 A History of the Royal Society, with Memoirs of the Presidents. […], 第 I 卷, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], →OCLC，第 100 页:
  21. Report the experiments, if conveniently they may, at both the solstices and equinoctes. / 22. Observe accurately the time of the sun’s rising on the top of the hill and below, and note the difference.
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- 1854, John Williams, “Pro-consul. b.c. 55.”, 出自 The Life of Julius Cæsar, London, New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] Routledge & Co., […], →OCLC，第 195 页:
  For [Julius] Cæsar says, that on the night of the fourth day after his landing there was a full moon. He had before mentioned that the summer was far spent, and the æquinox not come, hence, the full moon must have been either in July or August.
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 2005, Clive [L. N.] Ruggles, “Equinoxes”, 出自 Ancient Astronomy: An Encyclopedia of Cosmologies and Myth, Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, →ISBN，第 148 页:
  The word equinox is generally taken to refer to the days when, at every point on the earth, day and night are of equal length. But this definition of the equinox is a bit misleading. Since it gets light before the sun rises and remains light after the sun sets, the actual period of darkness at the equinox will be substantially less than twelve hours, the exact amount depending on latitude and how one defines the boundary between twilight and night. […] In practice, one cannot determine the equinox by measuring the length of time between sunrise and sunset.
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 2006, John T. Koch, “calendar, Celtic”, 出自 Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia, 第 I 卷, Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, §4 (The Seasons)，第 332 页，第 1 列:
  […] Midsummer’s Day falls near the beginning of summer meteorologically, but was the midpoint of summer in the traditional calendar. Though Midsummer’s Day celebrations are common in the modern Celtic countries, there is no evidence that the ancient Celts celebrated either the solstices or the equinoctes.
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(亦比喻义) 二十四小时中昼夜等长的情况
- Template:RQ:Shakespeare Othello Q1
(天文学) 太阳的视路径和地球赤道面相交的两个空间点之一
(弃用)
1. (罕用) 一种强风，被认为在春分前后频繁出现，现在知道是一种误解；春分大风
  - Template:RQ:Dryden Hind and Panther
  - 1920年9月1日, Rudyard Kipling, “The Satisfaction of a Gentleman”, 出自 The London Magazine, London: Hunt and Clarke, […], →OCLC; republished on the website of The Kipling Society‎^[1], accessed 7 September 2022，于22 December 2021归档自原页面:
    The Equinox drove the sand into their faces or round their legs, as they dived among the sheep-haunted hollows.
    （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
2. (天文学) 天体赤道重合；地球赤道
  近义词：(弃用) equinoctial line
  - Template:RQ:Dampier New Voyage