perforce

英语

词源

源自中古英语 par force，源自盎格鲁-诺曼语，源自古法语 par force (“by force”)。

发音

• (英国) 国际音标^(帮助): /pəˈfɔːs/
• (通用美式) 国际音标^(帮助): /pɚˈfɔɹs/

• 音频 (美国)：

  (档案)

• 韵部：-ɔː(ɹ)s

副词

perforce (不可比)

1. (古旧) 强迫
   • Template:RQ:Shakespeare Richard 3
   • Template:RQ:Shakespeare Tempest
2. 必然，无论如何
   • Template:RQ:Austen Pride and Prejudice
   • 1882, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Inferno, canto 34:

     "Keep fast thy hold, for by such stairs as these,"
     The Master said, panting as one fatigued,
     "Must we perforce depart from so much evil."

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 16]”, 出自 Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

     So, bevelling around by Mullett's and the Signal House which they shortly reached, they proceeded perforce in the direction of Amiens street railway terminus

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 1939 July, John D. Hewitt, “Some Notable British Main Lines: 1. Settle and Carlisle, L.M.S.R.”, 出自 Railway Magazine，第 35 页:

     Accordingly work perforce had to be begun. The first sod was cut at Anley, near Settle, in November, 1869, [...].

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 2006, Alejandro Portes, Rubén G. Rumbaut, Immigrant America: A Portrait, 3rd版，第 239 页:

     Adult immigrants must perforce learn some English, and their children are likely to become English monolinguals.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 2013年1月8日, European Court of Human Rights, A.K. and L. v. Croatia‎^[1], 第 37956/11 期, marginal 62–63:

     The central issue in this case is whether the procedures followed respected the applicants’ family life or constituted an interference with the exercise of the right to respect for family life which could not be justified as necessary in a democratic society. […] It is true that Article 8 contains no explicit procedural requirements, but this is not conclusive of the matter. The relevant considerations to be weighed by a local authority in reaching decisions on children in its care must perforce include the views and interests of the natural parents.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

引用

• 有关使用本词的更多用例，请参阅Citations:perforce。

动词

perforce (第三人称单数简单现在时 perforces，现在分词 perforcing，一般过去时及过去分词 perforced)

1. 〈旧〉 强制；强迫