维基词典

populus

参见：Populus

拉丁语 编辑

词源1 编辑

源自古拉丁语 populus（公元前2世纪中期开始），源自poplus，源自poplos（最早追溯至公元前5世纪前期）[1]，源自原始意大利语 *poplos (“军队”)，源头不明；可能源自伊特拉斯坎语或源自pleō的词根。参见plēbs。

发音 编辑

名词 编辑

populus m (属格 populī); 第二类变格

  1. 民族
    • 100 BCE – 44 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.44:
      Amicitiam populi Romani sibi ornamento et praesidio, non detrimento esse oportere, atque se hac spe petisse.
      That the friendship of the Roman people ought to prove to him an ornament and a safeguard, not a detriment; and that he sought it with that expectation.
  2. 社群
    • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri 26.1:
      Ea tum cura maxime intentos habebat Romanos, non ab ira tantum, quae in nullam unquam ciuitatem iustior fuit, quam quod urbs tam nobilis ac potens, sicut defectione sua traxerat aliquot populos, ita recepta inclinatura rursus animos uidebatur ad ueteris imperii respectum.
  3. 人民
  4. (中世纪拉丁语) 一群人
  5. (中世纪拉丁语) 教区
变格 编辑

第二类变格名词。

格 单数 复数
主格 populus populī
属格 populī populōrum
与格 populō populīs
宾格 populum populōs
夺格 populō populīs
呼格 popule populī
派生词 编辑
相关词汇 编辑
派生语汇 编辑
  • 东罗曼语支
    • 阿罗马尼亚语: popul, poplu, pupul
    • 罗马尼亚语: popor
  • 意大利-达尔马提亚语支
  • 古法语: pueple
  • 古奥克语: poble
  • 莱托-罗曼语支
  • 撒丁语: pobulu, poburu, populu
  • 威尼斯语: popoło
  • 西伊比利亚语支
    • 埃斯特雷马杜拉语: puebru
    • 古莱昂语:
    • 古葡萄牙语: poboo
    • 中世纪西班牙语: pueblo (通过populum (宾格单数))
借词

参考资料 编辑

  • populus in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
  1. ↑ https://books.google.ru/books?id=1VTCBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150

词源2 编辑

源头不明。对比古希腊语 πτελέα (pteléa, “榆树”)，原始斯拉夫语 *topolь (“杨树”)。

其他写法 编辑

发音 编辑

名词 编辑

pōpulus f (属格 pōpulī); 第二类变格

  1. 杨树
变格 编辑

第二类变格名词。

格 单数 复数
主格 pōpulus pōpulī
属格 pōpulī pōpulōrum
与格 pōpulō pōpulīs
宾格 pōpulum pōpulōs
夺格 pōpulō pōpulīs
呼格 pōpule pōpulī
派生词 编辑
派生语汇 编辑

参考资料 编辑

  • populus in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
  • “populus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • populus在Charles du Fresne du Cange的Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
  • populus在Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français (拉丁语-法语详解词典), Hachette中的内容
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • the Republic: libera res publica, liber populus
    • （模糊）the plague breaks out in the city: pestilentia (not pestis) in urbem (populum) invadit
    • （模糊）to write a history of Rome: res populi Romani perscribere
    • （模糊）to have an appreciative audience: populum facilem, aequum habere
    • （模糊）to address a meeting of the people: verba facere apud populum, in contione
    • （模糊）the dregs of the people: faex populi, plebis, civitatis
    • （模糊）to summon an assembly of the people: convocare populi concilium and populum ad concilium
    • （模糊）to submit a formal proposition to the people: agere cum populo (Leg. 3. 4. 10)
    • （模糊）to propose a law in the popular assembly: legem ferre or simply ferre ad populum, ut...
    • （模糊）to formally propose a law to the people: legem rogare or rogare populum (cf. sect. XVI. 4, note Aulus Gellius...)
    • （模糊）popular favour; popularity: populi favor, gratia popularis
    • （模糊）to court popularity: gratiam populi quaerere
    • （模糊）public opinion: existimatio populi, hominum
    • （模糊）unpopularity: offensio populi, popularis
    • （模糊）unpopularity: offensa populi voluntas
    • （模糊）democracy: imperium populi or populare, civitas or res publica popularis
    • （模糊）to be a leading spirit of the popular cause: populi causam agere
    • （模糊）to enslave a free people: liberum populum servitute afficere
    • （模糊）to rob a people of its freedom: libertatem populo eripere
    • （模糊）to grant a people its independence: populum liberum esse, libertate uti, sui iuris esse pati
    • （模糊）to fail in one's candidature for the consulship: repulsam ferre consulatus (a populo) (Tusc. 5. 19. 54)
    • （模糊）the censors hold a census of the people: censores censent populum
    • （模糊）to appeal to the people: provocare ad populum (Liv. 2. 55)
    • （模糊）a matter is referred (for decision) from the senate to the people: a senatu res ad populum reicitur
    • （模糊）to be on friendly terms with the Roman people: in amicitia populi Romani esse (Liv. 22. 37)
    • （模糊）to reduce a country to subjection to oneself: populum in potestatem suam redigere (B. G. 2. 34)
    • （模糊）to reduce a country to subjection to oneself: populum in deditionem venire cogere
    • （模糊）to accept the submission of a people: populum in deditionem accipere
    • （模糊）to subjugate a nation: populum perdomare, subigere
    • （模糊）to make oneself master of a people, country: populum, terram suo imperio, suae potestati subicere (not sibi by itself)
    • （模糊）Asia was made subject to Rome: Asia populi Romani facta est
  • “populus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • populus in Ramminger, Johann (访问于16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
  • “populus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
取自“https://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=populus&oldid=7258458”